# The Commission designates Apple a DMA gatekeeper

Date: 2023

## The fact

On 6 September 2023 the European Commission designated Apple a gatekeeper under the Digital Markets Act, a completed listing that later forced store and browser changes. [Cook](/people/tim-cook) was CEO.

## Context

Neighbouring Epic 2020 is the US docket analogue. Neighbouring DOJ 2024 is later US complaint. He did not write the DMA.

Epic 2020 is neighbouring US store docket. DOJ 2024 is neighbouring US monopolisation complaint.

Tim Cook has been Apple CEO since 24 August 2011. He does not write a DOJ complaint, a Commission DMA decision, an Irish Finance Act, or a Chinese Cyberspace Administration rule. Steve Jobs is a different, dead person. A product launch is not a labour statute. A privacy keynote is not a completed DMA compliance certificate. Keep those dates separate. A 10-K climate page is not a unique ppm. An assembler audit is not a unique suicide count as his personal tally. A DMA listing is not a completed sideload world. A DOJ complaint is not a breakup. TSMC fabricates; Foxconn assembles; App Review enforces.

## Evidence and sources

European Commission carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently.

## Significance

The path is [antitrust-pressure-in-digital-markets](/drivers/antitrust-pressure-in-digital-markets): a completed gatekeeper listing is a store-and-browser accountability instrument. A listing is not a completed sideload world.

## What is established and what is not

Established: 6 September 2023 DMA designation of Apple, independently reported.

Not established: that US law thereby changed, or a unique later developer-revenue coefficient from Brussels.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

The Commission listed. Apple later shipped EU changes. Courts sat on challenges. He did not sit as the hearing officer.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies The Commission designates Apple a DMA gatekeeper, not a later speech about The Commission designates Apple a DMA gatekeeper.

Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. The Commission designates Apple a DMA gatekeeper on 2023-09-06 is not a licence to treat every later European Commission communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor instrument exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average The Commission designates Apple a DMA gatekeeper into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to He was CEO of the designated firm. The Commission listed. Apple later shipped EU changes. Courts sat on challenges. He did not sit as the hearing officer. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series.

## People

- Tim Cook: https://factrail.ai/people/tim-cook

## Drivers

- Antitrust Pressure in Digital Markets: https://factrail.ai/drivers/antitrust-pressure-in-digital-markets
- Digital-Platform Power Concentration: https://factrail.ai/drivers/digital-platform-power-concentration

## Sources

- https://www.reuters.com/technology/eu-designates-apple-dma-gatekeeper-2023-09-06/
- https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/aapl-dma-2023