# The Commission orders Ireland to recover Apple state aid

Date: 2016

## The fact

On 30 August 2016 the European Commission decided that Ireland granted Apple illegal state aid through tax rulings and ordered recovery of up to €13 billion. [Cook](/people/tim-cook)’s Apple was the beneficiary. The ECJ later rewrote parts of the path.

## Context

Neighbouring Vestager is the commissioner. Neighbouring 2024 DOJ is later US antitrust. He did not write the Irish Finance Act.

DMA 2023 is neighbouring later EU digital law. 2024 DOJ is neighbouring US antitrust.

Tim Cook has been Apple CEO since 24 August 2011. He does not write a DOJ complaint, a Commission DMA decision, an Irish Finance Act, or a Chinese Cyberspace Administration rule. Steve Jobs is a different, dead person. A product launch is not a labour statute. A privacy keynote is not a completed DMA compliance certificate. Keep those dates separate. A 10-K climate page is not a unique ppm. An assembler audit is not a unique suicide count as his personal tally. A DMA listing is not a completed sideload world. A DOJ complaint is not a breakup. TSMC fabricates; Foxconn assembles; App Review enforces.

## Evidence and sources

European Commission carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently.

## Significance

The path is [fiscal-policy sustainability](/drivers/fiscal-policy-sustainability) and [income-inequality](/drivers/income-inequality): a completed state-aid decision is a tax-base accountability instrument later fought in Luxembourg.

## What is established and what is not

Established: 30 August 2016 Commission Ireland/Apple decision, independently reported.

Not established: that every euro was paid that week, or a unique later [US Treasury](/organizations/us-treasury) coefficient from Brussels.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

The Commission decided. Ireland appealed. Courts later sat. He did not sit as the hearing officer.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies The Commission orders Ireland to recover Apple state aid, not a later speech about The Commission orders Ireland to recover Apple state aid.

Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. The Commission orders Ireland to recover Apple state aid on 2016-08-30 is not a licence to treat every later European Commission communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor instrument exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average The Commission orders Ireland to recover Apple state aid into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to He was CEO of the beneficiary. The Commission decided. Ireland appealed. Courts later sat. He did not sit as the hearing officer. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series.

## People

- Tim Cook: https://factrail.ai/people/tim-cook

## Drivers

- Fiscal-Policy Sustainability: https://factrail.ai/drivers/fiscal-policy-sustainability
- Income Inequality: https://factrail.ai/drivers/income-inequality

## Sources

- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-apple-stateaid-idUSKCN1140K4
- https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_16_2923

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/aapl-ireland-2016