# Antony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides

Date: 44 BC

## The fact

In 44 BCE Antony was consul with [Caesar](/people/julius-caesar) and, after 15 March, the surviving consul using Caesar’s acta. The dated office is not the funeral oration and not the Lupercalia diadem. Mark Antony’s documented role is: He was Caesar’s consular colleague and, after the Ides, used Caesar’s papers as surviving consul. Dolabella later took the other chair; clerks shared the acta. Do not twin this with the funeral row. Office and funeral are different instruments of 44. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear. Mark Antony's documented role is: He was Caesar’s consular colleague and, after the Ides, used Caesar’s papers as surviving consul. Dolabella later took the other chair; clerks shared the acta.

## Context

A murdered colleague, a supposed memorandum-chest, and later Ciceronian charges of forgery already structure the file. Using acta is not unique authorship of every colonial grant. Named others on the file: Julius Caesar as murdered colleague, Dolabella, and unnamed keepers of papers share the office. The public setting is the file around -0044-01-01. Unnamed clerks, soldiers, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. The instrument stays Antony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides. The setting of Antony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides is the public file around -0044-01-01. Shared offices, unnamed crews, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. Driver [political-polarization](/drivers/political-polarization) is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

## Evidence and sources

Britannica and the Philippics independently mark Antony’s 44 consulship and use of Caesar’s papers. Official: Britannica — Mark Antony, consul 44 BCE (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Perseus — Cicero, Philippics, consul of 44 (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0076; Perseus Digital Library). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Mark Antony, consul 44 BCE (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Perseus — Cicero, Philippics, consul of 44 (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0076; Perseus Digital Library).

Official or archival record: Britannica — Mark Antony, consul 44 BCE (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica).

## Significance

Worsening polarisation path: a surviving consulship built on a dead colleague’s papers. Complex received charges. Welfare reading worsening. The attached mechanism is A dated consulship-after-murder put control of Caesar’s papers into a polarising office, distinct from the funeral staging. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is worsening.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Do not twin this with the funeral row. Office and funeral are different instruments of 44. Mixed effects of Antony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides are separate paths.

## What is established and what is not

Established: Antony consul in 44 and user of Caesar’s acta. Not established: a unique recovered forgery-count. Established: a sourced public record of Antony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides under -0044-01-01. Established: a sourced public record of Antony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides under -0044-01-01.

Shared responsibility is part of Antony enters 44 BCE as consul with Caesar and uses the acta after the Ides. Naming Mark Antony does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0044-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

The attached driver is political-polarization. The welfare reading used in this dossier is worsening. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

## People

- Mark Antony: https://factrail.ai/people/mark-antony

## Drivers

- Political Polarization: https://factrail.ai/drivers/political-polarization

## Sources

- https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0076
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ant-consul-44