# Antony speaks at Caesar’s public funeral and displays the will and wounds

Date: 44 BC

## The fact

About 20 March 44 BCE Antony staged [Caesar](/people/julius-caesar)’s public funeral, with oration, will, and body. The dated funeral instrument is not the Lupercalia and not a later English play. Mark Antony’s documented role is: He delivered the public funeral oration and staged Caesar’s body and will. The crowd rioted; later playwrights are not the oration. Do not twin this with the existing post-Ides street-politics row as a generic 44 heading. This is the funeral instrument. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear. Mark Antony's documented role is: He delivered the public funeral oration and staged Caesar’s body and will. The crowd rioted; later playwrights are not the oration.

## Context

A Forum audience, conspirators still in the city, and Caesar’s will already sat in the file. A riot is not unique authorship of every later civil war. Named others on the file: The urban crowd, the Ides conspirators as targets of riot, and unnamed attendants share the day. The public setting is the file around -0044-03-20. Unnamed clerks, soldiers, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. The instrument stays Antony speaks at Caesar’s public funeral and displays the will and wounds. The setting of Antony speaks at Caesar’s public funeral and displays the will and wounds is the public file around -0044-03-20. Shared offices, unnamed crews, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. Driver [political-polarization](/drivers/political-polarization) is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Do not twin this with the existing post-Ides street-politics row as a generic 44 heading. This is the funeral instrument. Mixed effects of Antony speaks at Caesar’s public funeral and displays the will and wounds are separate paths.

## Evidence and sources

Britannica and [Plutarch](/people/plutarch) independently describe Antony’s funeral staging as a distinct 44 instrument. Official: Britannica — Mark Antony, funeral of Caesar (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Perseus — Plutarch, Antony’s funeral speech (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0007; Perseus Digital Library). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Mark Antony, funeral of Caesar (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Perseus — Plutarch, Antony’s funeral speech (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0007; Perseus Digital Library).

Official or archival record: Britannica — Mark Antony, funeral of Caesar (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica).

## Significance

Worsening polarisation path: a public funeral that authorised riot. Complex received oration. Welfare reading worsening. The attached mechanism is A dated funeral staging polarised Rome into riot against the Ides conspirators. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is worsening.

The attached driver is political-polarization. The welfare reading used in this dossier is worsening. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

## What is established and what is not

Established: Antony’s public funeral role in March 44. Not established: that later quoted lines are a tape, or that [Shakespeare](/people/william-shakespeare) is this Fact. Established: a sourced public record of Antony speaks at Caesar’s public funeral and displays the will and wounds under -0044-03-20. Established: a sourced public record of Antony speaks at Caesar’s public funeral and displays the will and wounds under -0044-03-20.

Shared responsibility is part of Antony speaks at Caesar’s public funeral and displays the will and wounds. Naming Mark Antony does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0044-03-20 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

## People

- Mark Antony: https://factrail.ai/people/mark-antony

## Drivers

- Political Polarization: https://factrail.ai/drivers/political-polarization

## Sources

- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir
- https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0007

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ant-funeral-44