# The lex Titia legalises the Second Triumvirate with Antony as a named triumvir

Date: 43 BC

## The fact

On 27 November 43 BCE the lex Titia established Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus as triumvirs for restoring the republic. The dated statute is not the proscription list itself and not Philippi. [Mark Antony](/people/mark-antony)’s documented role is: He joined Octavian and Lepidus in a legally named three-man office after Bononia. A tribune Titius carried the law; they shared the board. Do not twin this with the existing proscriptions row. The law is the office; the list is the killing-roll. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear. Mark Antony's documented role is: He joined Octavian and Lepidus in a legally named three-man office after Bononia. A tribune Titius carried the law; they shared the board.

## Context

A meeting near Bononia, a tribune’s bill, and five-year powers already structure the file. A named board is not unique authorship of every later eastern levy. Sharing with Octavian and Lepidus is required. Named others on the file: Octavian, Lepidus, and Publius Titius as the law’s carrier share the magistracy. The public setting is the file around -0043-11-27. Unnamed clerks, soldiers, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. The instrument stays The lex Titia legalises the Second Triumvirate with Antony as a named triumvir. The setting of The lex Titia legalises the Second Triumvirate with Antony as a named triumvir is the public file around -0043-11-27. Shared offices, unnamed crews, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. Driver justice-[judicial-independence](/drivers/justice-judicial-independence-erosion)-erosion is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

Shared responsibility is part of The lex Titia legalises the Second Triumvirate with Antony as a named triumvir. Naming Mark Antony does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0043-11-27 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

## Evidence and sources

Britannica and Livius independently date the lex Titia as the legal instrument of the Second Triumvirate. Official: Britannica — Mark Antony, Second Triumvirate and lex Titia (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Livius — Marcus Antonius, triumvir (https://www.livius.org/articles/person/mark-antony/; Livius.org). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Mark Antony, Second Triumvirate and lex Titia (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Livius — Marcus Antonius, triumvir (https://www.livius.org/articles/person/mark-antony/; Livius.org).

Official or archival record: Britannica — Mark Antony, Second Triumvirate and lex Titia (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica).

## Significance

Worsening judicial-independence path: a statute creating a three-man extraordinary board. Complex shared office. Welfare reading worsening. The attached mechanism is A dated statute put extra-constitutional killing-power into a public magistracy, distinct from the proscription list as a killing instrument. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is worsening.

## What is established and what is not

Established: 43 lex Titia naming Antony triumvir. Not established: that every later killing is this same statute’s unique coefficient. Established: a sourced public record of The lex Titia legalises the Second Triumvirate with Antony as a named triumvir under -0043-11-27. Established: a sourced public record of The lex Titia legalises the Second Triumvirate with Antony as a named triumvir under -0043-11-27.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Do not twin this with the existing proscriptions row. The law is the office; the list is the killing-roll. Mixed effects of The lex Titia legalises the Second Triumvirate with Antony as a named triumvir are separate paths.

The welfare reading used in this dossier is worsening. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

## People

- Mark Antony: https://factrail.ai/people/mark-antony

## Drivers

- Judicial independence erosion (court capture): https://factrail.ai/drivers/justice-judicial-independence-erosion

## Sources

- https://www.livius.org/articles/person/mark-antony/
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ant-lex-titia-43