# The Pact of Misenum recognises Sextus Pompey in a three-way peace

Date: 39 BC

## The fact

In 39 BCE the Pact of Misenum brought Sextus Pompey into a recognised share, easing a grain blockade of Italy. The dated three-way peace is not Brundisium 40 and not Actium. [Mark Antony](/people/mark-antony)’s documented role is: He joined Octavian in a treaty with Sextus Pompeius at Misenum. Grain blockade eased; the peace later broke; he did not uniquely author every clause. Do not twin this with Brundisium 40. A 39 deal with Sextus is a third party. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear. Mark Antony's documented role is: He joined Octavian in a treaty with Sextus Pompeius at Misenum. Grain blockade eased; the peace later broke; he did not uniquely author every clause.

## Context

Sicilian fleets, Italian hunger, and Octavian’s later bad faith already sit in the file. A pause is not unique perpetual grain security. Sharing with Sextus and Octavian is required. Named others on the file: Sextus Pompeius, Octavian, and unnamed grain merchants share the pact. The public setting is the file around -0039-01-01. Unnamed clerks, soldiers, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. The instrument stays The Pact of Misenum recognises Sextus Pompey in a three-way peace. The setting of The Pact of Misenum recognises Sextus Pompey in a three-way peace is the public file around -0039-01-01. Shared offices, unnamed crews, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. Driver [social-cohesion](/drivers/social-cohesion) is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

The attached driver is social-cohesion. The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

## Evidence and sources

Britannica and [Plutarch](/people/plutarch) independently date the Misenum pact as a 39 settlement with Sextus Pompey. Official: Britannica — Mark Antony, Pact of Misenum (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Perseus — Plutarch, Antony, Misenum (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0007; Perseus Digital Library). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Mark Antony, Pact of Misenum (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Perseus — Plutarch, Antony, Misenum (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0007; Perseus Digital Library).

Official or archival record: Britannica — Mark Antony, Pact of Misenum (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica).

## Significance

Improving social-cohesion path: a grain-blockade pause by treaty. Complex shared and later broken. Welfare reading improving. The attached mechanism is A dated 39 BCE naval-and-grain settlement paused a Sicilian blockade as a cohesion-and-food instrument. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is improving.

Shared responsibility is part of The Pact of Misenum recognises Sextus Pompey in a three-way peace. Naming Mark Antony does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0039-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

## What is established and what is not

Established: 39 Pact of Misenum. Not established: that it uniquely fed every later year. Established: a sourced public record of The Pact of Misenum recognises Sextus Pompey in a three-way peace under -0039-01-01. Established: a sourced public record of The Pact of Misenum recognises Sextus Pompey in a three-way peace under -0039-01-01.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Do not twin this with Brundisium 40. A 39 deal with Sextus is a third party. Mixed effects of The Pact of Misenum recognises Sextus Pompey in a three-way peace are separate paths.

## People

- Mark Antony: https://factrail.ai/people/mark-antony

## Drivers

- Social Cohesion: https://factrail.ai/drivers/social-cohesion

## Sources

- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir
- https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0007

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ant-misenum-39