# The Perusine War wrecks Italian towns in Antony’s absence Date: 41 BC ## The fact In 41–40 BCE the Perusine War, fought in [Antony](/people/mark-antony)’s name by Lucius Antonius and Fulvia, ended in the starvation of Perusia. The dated Italian siege-war is not the 41 veteran land-assignment heading as a mere allotment list. Mark Antony’s documented role is: His brother Lucius and wife Fulvia fought Octavian in Italy over veteran land; Antony was in the east. Perusia starved; he did not personally command the siege. Do not twin this with the existing veteran-settlement row. A siege-war is not the land-assignment heading alone. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear. Mark Antony's documented role is: His brother Lucius and wife Fulvia fought Octavian in Italy over veteran land; Antony was in the east. Perusia starved; he did not personally command the siege. ## Context Veteran hunger, Octavian’s land confiscations, and an absent triumvir in the east already structure the file. Absence is not a reason to drop a war in his name; it is a reason to keep contribution complex. Named others on the file: Fulvia, Lucius Antonius, Octavian, and the people of Perusia share the war. The public setting is the file around -0041-02-01. Unnamed clerks, soldiers, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. The instrument stays The Perusine War wrecks Italian towns in Antony’s absence. The setting of The Perusine War wrecks Italian towns in Antony’s absence is the public file around -0041-02-01. Shared offices, unnamed crews, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. Driver [forced-displacement-scale](/drivers/forced-displacement-scale) is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage. ## Evidence and sources Britannica and Livius independently date the Perusine War as an Antonian Italian conflict distinct from a mere land list. Official: Britannica — Mark Antony, Perusine War (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Livius — Perusia 41–40 BCE (https://www.livius.org/articles/battle/perusia/; Livius.org). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Mark Antony, Perusine War (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Livius — Perusia 41–40 BCE (https://www.livius.org/articles/battle/perusia/; Livius.org). Official or archival record: Britannica — Mark Antony, Perusine War (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica). ## Significance Worsening forced-displacement path: an Italian siege-and-confiscation war. Complex because he was in the east. Welfare reading worsening. The attached mechanism is A dated Italian civil war of 41–40 is a completed displacement-and-starvation heading of the Antonian household. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is worsening. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here. ## What is established and what is not Established: Perusine War of 41–40 in Antony’s name. Not established: that he uniquely sat in the siege tower. Established: a sourced public record of The Perusine War wrecks Italian towns in Antony’s absence under -0041-02-01. Established: a sourced public record of The Perusine War wrecks Italian towns in Antony’s absence under -0041-02-01. Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Do not twin this with the existing veteran-settlement row. A siege-war is not the land-assignment heading alone. Mixed effects of The Perusine War wrecks Italian towns in Antony’s absence are separate paths. Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The attached driver is forced-displacement-scale. The welfare reading used in this dossier is worsening. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Shared responsibility is part of The Perusine War wrecks Italian towns in Antony’s absence. Naming Mark Antony does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0041-02-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them. ## People - Mark Antony: https://factrail.ai/people/mark-antony ## Drivers - Forced-Displacement Scale: https://factrail.ai/drivers/forced-displacement-scale ## Sources - https://www.livius.org/articles/battle/perusia/ - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir ## Methodology https://factrail.ai/methodology Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ant-perusia-41