# Antony commands the left at Pharsalus in Caesar’s civil war

Date: 48 BC

## The fact

On 9 August 48 BCE Antony commanded [Caesar](/people/julius-caesar)’s left at Pharsalus against Pompey. The dated battle command is not the 42 Philippi killing of the republican armies and not Actium. Mark Antony’s documented role is: He commanded Caesar’s left wing at Pharsalus. Caesar directed the battle; unnamed legionaries killed; Antony did not uniquely invent civil war. Do not twin this with Philippi 42. Two civil-war battles. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear. Mark Antony's documented role is: He commanded Caesar’s left wing at Pharsalus. Caesar directed the battle; unnamed legionaries killed; Antony did not uniquely invent civil war.

## Context

A Macedonian plain, Caesar’s army, and Pompey’s senatorial force already sat in the file. A wing command is not unique generalship of the whole war. Later casualty figures in ancient narrative are not a modern census. Named others on the file: Julius Caesar as commander, Pompey as opponent, and unnamed legionaries share the killing. The public setting is the file around -0048-08-09. Unnamed clerks, soldiers, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. The instrument stays Antony commands the left at Pharsalus in Caesar’s civil war. The setting of Antony commands the left at Pharsalus in Caesar’s civil war is the public file around -0048-08-09. Shared offices, unnamed crews, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. Driver [humanitarian-access](/drivers/humanitarian-access) is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

The attached driver is humanitarian-access. The welfare reading used in this dossier is worsening. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

## Evidence and sources

Britannica and Caesar’s Civil War independently place Antony at Pharsalus as a wing commander. Official: Britannica — Mark Antony, Pharsalus (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Perseus — Caesar, Civil War, Pharsalus (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0001; Perseus Digital Library). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Mark Antony, Pharsalus (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Perseus — Caesar, Civil War, Pharsalus (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0001; Perseus Digital Library).

Official or archival record: Britannica — Mark Antony, Pharsalus (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir; Encyclopaedia Britannica).

## Significance

Worsening humanitarian-access path: a civil-war battle command. Complex shared killing. Welfare reading worsening. The attached mechanism is A dated civil-war battle command is a completed killing heading of 48 BCE, distinct from later Philippi. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is worsening.

Shared responsibility is part of Antony commands the left at Pharsalus in Caesar’s civil war. Naming Mark Antony does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0048-08-09 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

## What is established and what is not

Established: Antony’s left-wing command at Pharsalus. Established: a sourced public record of Antony commands the left at Pharsalus in Caesar’s civil war under -0048-08-09. Established: a sourced public record of Antony commands the left at Pharsalus in Caesar’s civil war under -0048-08-09.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Do not twin this with Philippi 42. Two civil-war battles. Mixed effects of Antony commands the left at Pharsalus in Caesar’s civil war are separate paths.

## People

- Mark Antony: https://factrail.ai/people/mark-antony

## Drivers

- Humanitarian Access: https://factrail.ai/drivers/humanitarian-access

## Sources

- https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0001
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ant-pharsalus-48