# Lula is sworn in for a third presidential term

Date: 2023

## The fact

On 1 January 2023 [Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva](/people/env-person-lula) was sworn in for a third, non-consecutive term after the 2021 annulment and the 2022 runoff.

## Context

Alckmin was vice president. Neighbouring 2022 runoff is the parent certified result. Neighbouring 8 January is a week later. Bolsonaro did not attend.

30 October 2022 is the parent election. 8 January 2023 is a later shock. [Yanomami](/people/davi-kopenawa-yanomami) emergency 22 January is a later child.

The President of Brazil heads the federal executive, sanctions statutes, and commands the armed forces as a political principal. He does not write STF judgments, INPE satellite pixels, a US tariff proclamation, or a Venezuelan CNE tally. Congress, governors, Petrobras, and coalition partners share specific files.

## Evidence and sources

Presidency of Brazil carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently.

## Significance

The path is [democratic resilience](/drivers/democratic-resilience): a completed third-term oath after annulment and a runoff is a dated transfer instrument.

## What is established and what is not

Established: 1 January 2023 oath, independently reported.

Not established: that 8 January was thereby prevented, or a unique later INPE coefficient from the ceremony.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

Congress sat. He took the oath. Bolsonaro did not attend.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies Lula is sworn in for a third presidential term, not a later speech about Lula is sworn in for a third presidential term.

Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. Lula is sworn in for a third presidential term on 2023-01-01 is not a licence to treat every later Presidency of Brazil communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor instrument exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average Lula is sworn in for a third presidential term into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to Voters had elected. Congress sat. He took the oath. Bolsonaro did not attend. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series.

## People

- Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva: https://factrail.ai/people/lula

## Drivers

- Democratic Resilience: https://factrail.ai/drivers/democratic-resilience

## Sources

- https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2023/01/01/congresso-empossa-lula-e-alckmin-na-presidencia-da-republica
- https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/lula-sworn-in-brazil-president-2023-01-01/

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/br-lula-2023