# Livius.org publishes a source-critical public biography distinguishing anecdote from office

Date: 2005

## The fact

Jona Lendering’s Livius page on [Caligula](/people/caligula), in place as a durable public essay in the 2000s, separates office-holding from Suetonian theatre. It is not an excavation.

## Context

Source criticism is an access gain against film captions. It can also over-correct into apologia. Medium confidence on welfare size.

Caligula is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

## Evidence and sources

Official edition, museum, or agency page and an independent publisher independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: Livius — Caligula (https://www.livius.org/articles/person/caligula/; Livius.org).

## Significance

A public source-critical page is a teaching path, not an acquittal.

A public source-critical page is a teaching path, not an acquittal.

## What is established and what is not

Established as a dated public record of this instrument.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

## People

- Caligula: https://factrail.ai/people/caligula

## Drivers

- Digital Learning Access: https://factrail.ai/drivers/edu-digital-learning-access

## Sources

- https://www.livius.org/articles/person/caligula/
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Caligula-Roman-emperor

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/cal-livius-source-criticism