# Loeb De officiis prints beneficence and good faith as public duties toward others

Date: 1913

## The fact

De officiis in English prints liberalitas and fides as duties that can restrain plunder. Twin of the provincial-extraction row. Medium confidence.

## Context

Beneficence can be elite display. It still names a claim against naked seizure.

[Cicero](/people/cicero) is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

## Evidence and sources

Official library, museum, or edition pages and an independent publisher independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: Perseus — Cicero, De officiis (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2007.01.0047; Perseus Digital Library / Tufts).

## Significance

Printed duties-of-beneficence are a humanitarian heading, not a relief convoy.

## What is established and what is not

Established as a dated public record of this instrument.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The attached driver is [humanitarian-access](/drivers/humanitarian-access). The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here. Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The attached driver is humanitarian-access. The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

## People

- Cicero: https://factrail.ai/people/cicero

## Drivers

- Humanitarian Access: https://factrail.ai/drivers/humanitarian-access

## Sources

- https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/47001
- https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2007.01.0047

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/cic-alms-officiis-humanitarian