# Loeb Letters to Atticus print a household that buys, trains, and discusses enslaved persons as property

Date: 1912

## The fact

Loeb/Perseus letters, including the Tiro correspondence as later English, print [Cicero](/people/cicero)’s household using enslaved labour, purchase, and manumission talk. Slavery in his house is documented, not a rumour, and not a plantation census.

## Context

Manumission of Tiro is sometimes told as kindness. Split any later literacy-of-Tiro access if needed.

Cicero is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

## Evidence and sources

Official library, museum, or edition pages and an independent publisher independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: Perseus — Cicero, Letters to Atticus (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0022; Perseus Digital Library / Tufts).

## Significance

Printed household slavery is a rights-and-unfree-labour path with high confidence on the letters.

## What is established and what is not

Established as a dated public record of this instrument.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The attached driver is [protection-of-minority-rights](/drivers/protection-of-minority-rights). The welfare reading used in this dossier is worsening. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

## People

- Cicero: https://factrail.ai/people/cicero

## Drivers

- Protection of Minority Rights: https://factrail.ai/drivers/protection-of-minority-rights

## Sources

- https://doi.org/10.1017/cco9781139048750
- https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0022

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/cic-household-slavery-letters