# Standard Loeb lives and encyclopedia articles print Cicero’s 43 BCE proscription killing as received

Date: 1923

## The fact

Loeb introductions, Britannica, and later [Plutarch](/people/plutarch)-in-English print that the second triumvirate proscribed [Cicero](/people/cicero) and that he was killed in 43 BCE. The dated public carrier is that modern cluster, not a Formian coroner file.

## Context

He did not write 43. [Antony](/people/mark-antony) and Octavian’s later-narrated list did. Medium confidence on exact roadside details; high that the received public story is a proscription death.

Cicero is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

## Evidence and sources

Official library, museum, or edition pages and an independent publisher independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: Harvard / Loeb — Cicero, Orations (Catilinarians) (https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674993587; [Harvard University](/organizations/harvard-university) Press).

## Significance

A printed 43 BCE proscription is a judicial-emergency harm, not an ISO death certificate.

## What is established and what is not

Established as a dated public record of this instrument.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The attached driver is justice-[judicial-independence](/drivers/justice-judicial-independence-erosion)-erosion. The welfare reading used in this dossier is worsening. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

## People

- Cicero: https://factrail.ai/people/cicero

## Drivers

- Judicial independence erosion (court capture): https://factrail.ai/drivers/justice-judicial-independence-erosion

## Sources

- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cicero
- https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674993587

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/cic-proscription-death-43-as-later