# Twentieth-century school Loebs make Ciceronian Latin a gate for elite education

Date: 1910

## The fact

Loeb and grammar-school [Cicero](/people/cicero) made one orator’s Latin a credential gate.

## Context

Medium confidence on unique wage coefficients. High that school Cicero was a class marker.

Cicero is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

## Evidence and sources

Official library, museum, or edition pages and an independent publisher independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: Harvard / Loeb — Cicero, Orations (Catilinarians) (https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674993587; [Harvard University](/organizations/harvard-university) Press).

## Significance

A school canon is not a 63 BCE speech.

A school canon is not a 63 BCE speech.

## What is established and what is not

Established as a dated public record of this instrument.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The attached driver is [income-inequality](/drivers/income-inequality). The welfare reading used in this dossier is worsening. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here. Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The attached driver is income-inequality. The welfare reading used in this dossier is worsening. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

## People

- Cicero: https://factrail.ai/people/cicero

## Drivers

- Income Inequality: https://factrail.ai/drivers/income-inequality

## Sources

- https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cicero/
- https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674993587

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/cic-school-canon-gate