# Loeb Plutarch Antony and later encyclopedia lives print Alexandrian and Italian wars as her Roman civil-war years

Date: 1920

## The fact

Loeb/Perseus Antony and Britannica narrate wars in Egypt and the Mediterranean as the price of the Roman civil-war alliance. The dated carrier is that later Greek-in-English plus encyclopedia. Civilian costs are a humanitarian-harm heading. Do not invent a unique body count.

## Context

She is not the sole author of Actium. Shared with [Antony](/people/mark-antony) and Octavian. Medium confidence on magnitudes; high that war is the received public story.

[Cleopatra](/people/cleopatra) is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

## Evidence and sources

Official museum, UNESCO, or edition pages and an independent publisher independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: Perseus — Plutarch, Antony (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0007; Perseus Digital Library / Tufts).

## Significance

Printed civil-war years are a humanitarian-risk path, not a 31 BCE casualty table.

Printed civil-war years are a humanitarian-risk path, not a 31 BCE casualty table.

## What is established and what is not

Established as a dated public record of this instrument.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

## People

- Cleopatra: https://factrail.ai/people/cleopatra

## Drivers

- Humanitarian Access: https://factrail.ai/drivers/humanitarian-access

## Sources

- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cleopatra-queen-of-Egypt
- https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0007

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/cl-civil-war-costs