# Museum accounts of Ptolemaic estates print unfree and corvée Nile labour under the royal house

Date: 1920

## The fact

Heilbrunn and BM Egyptian collection interpretation print estate and temple labour as the rural machine of the court. The dated carrier is that modern presentation. Coerced river labour is a tightness-as-unfreedom path.

## Context

Not a unique wage series. High that Ptolemaic rural unfreedom is the scholarly public account.

[Cleopatra](/people/cleopatra) is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

## Evidence and sources

Official museum, UNESCO, or edition pages and an independent publisher independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: British Museum collection — Ptolemaic coins and objects (https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection; British Museum).

## Significance

Printed Nile labour dues are not a 40 BCE timesheet.

Printed Nile labour dues are not a 40 BCE timesheet.

## What is established and what is not

Established as a dated public record of this instrument.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

## People

- Cleopatra: https://factrail.ai/people/cleopatra

## Drivers

- Labour-Market Tightness: https://factrail.ai/drivers/labour-market-tightness

## Sources

- https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ptol/hd_ptol.htm
- https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/cl-unfree-nile-labour