# Revised Counter-Espionage Law of the PRC takes effect

Date: 2023

## The fact

On 1 July 2023 the revised Counter-Espionage Law of the People’s Republic of China took effect after the NPC Standing Committee adopted it on 26 April 2023, expanding the definition of espionage and of documents, data, and materials that may endanger national security.

## Context

The Ministry of State Security implements. Foreign due-diligence firms later reported detentions. Xi is the political principal of the NPC Standing Committee majority. He did not sit as every MSS officer.

The 2017 National Intelligence Law is a neighbouring earlier statute. Cybersecurity Law 2017 is another neighbouring digital-control file.

The General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, concurrently President of the People’s Republic of China and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, can set the Politburo agenda, nominate the State Council leadership, and command the armed forces. He does not write UN General Assembly resolutions, OHCHR assessments, WHO emergency-use listings, or Hong Kong ordinances by himself.

## Evidence and sources

State Council of the PRC carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently.

## Significance

The path is digital rights and judicial process: a completed expansion of espionage offences raises expected legal risk for ordinary data work.

## What is established and what is not

Established: a 1 July 2023 commencement of a revised Counter-Espionage Law expanding covered data and materials.

Not established: that every later consultancy raid was personally ordered, or a unique same-day investment coefficient.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

MSS implements. Courts hear cases.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies Revised Counter-Espionage Law of the PRC takes effect, not a later speech about Revised Counter-Espionage Law of the PRC takes effect.

Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. Revised Counter-Espionage Law of the PRC takes effect on 2023-07-01 is not a licence to treat every later State Council of the PRC communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor decree exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average Revised Counter-Espionage Law of the PRC takes effect into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to The NPC Standing Committee revised the law under a Party leadership he chairs. MSS implements. Courts hear cases. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series. The National People’s Congress, the State Council, provincial governments, the People’s Liberation Army, Hong Kong’s executive, and foreign counterparties share specific files. Allegation is not a completed judgment. An OHCHR assessment is not a criminal conviction. A white paper is not a census. A UN pledge is not a delivered emissions path.

## People

- Xi Jinping: https://factrail.ai/people/xi-jinping

## Drivers

- Digital-Rights and Platform-Power Regulation: https://factrail.ai/drivers/tech-digital-rights-regulation
- Personal-Data Protection: https://factrail.ai/drivers/personal-data-protection

## Sources

- https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-revised-anti-espionage-law-comes-into-effect-2023-07-01/
- https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202304/27/content_WS6449c4d2c6d03ffd3e3f02c5.html

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/cn-anti-espionage-law-2023