# Shipments of enslaved Taíno to Spain in the mid-1490s are dated unfree-labour instruments

Date: 1495

## The fact

In the mid-1490s [Columbus](/people/christopher-columbus) sent enslaved Taíno to Spain. Many died on the crossing in later reports. Unique integers are not invented. Christopher Columbus's documented role is: He sent captives as slaves. Many died on the crossing in later reports; Isabella later objected to some sales.

## Context

Seville is the received market. Sharing the shipments with those captives is required. The setting of Shipments of enslaved Taíno to Spain in the mid-1490s are dated unfree-labour instruments is the public file around 1495-02-01. Shared offices, unnamed crews, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. Contribution type is direct. Driver [labour-market-tightness](/drivers/labour-market-tightness) is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Do not invent a unique headcount. Do not rebate with a later royal order as if he wrote abolition. Mixed effects of Shipments of enslaved Taíno to Spain in the mid-1490s are dated unfree-labour instruments are separate paths.

## Evidence and sources

Official locator: Britannica — Columbus, enslavement at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus (Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent locator: Cambridge studies neighbourhood on 1490s slave shipments at https://www.cambridge.org/core/ (Cambridge University Press). Official carrier: Britannica — Columbus, enslavement (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Cambridge studies neighbourhood on 1490s slave shipments (https://www.cambridge.org/core/; Cambridge University Press).

Official or archival record: Britannica — Columbus, enslavement (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus; Encyclopaedia Britannica).

## Significance

Worsening path from Shipments of enslaved Taíno to Spain in the mid-1490s are dated unfree-labour instruments on 1495-02-01. Transatlantic shipment of enslaved people is a labour path of high weight. The welfare reading on this path is worsening.

The contribution type is direct. The attached driver is labour-market-tightness. The welfare reading used in this dossier is worsening. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

## What is established and what is not

Established: a sourced public record of Shipments of enslaved Taíno to Spain in the mid-1490s are dated unfree-labour instruments under 1495-02-01 for Christopher Columbus. Established: a sourced public record of Shipments of enslaved Taíno to Spain in the mid-1490s are dated unfree-labour instruments under 1495-02-01.

Shared responsibility is part of Shipments of enslaved Taíno to Spain in the mid-1490s are dated unfree-labour instruments. Naming Christopher Columbus does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 1495-02-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

## People

- Christopher Columbus: https://factrail.ai/people/christopher-columbus

## Drivers

- Labour-Market Tightness: https://factrail.ai/drivers/labour-market-tightness

## Sources

- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus
- https://www.cambridge.org/core/

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/col-slaves-1495