# A 190 grain shortage and Circus riot bring Cleander down after Marcia urges his death as received

Date: 190

## The fact

Dio narrates the 190 grain crisis, riot, and Marcia’s urging. Livius independently dates Cleander’s fall to 190.

It is one event.

## Context

Urban hunger and riot are a humanitarian path. Killing Cleander propitiates the crowd; executing Papirius afterward is neighbouring court violence. Shared annona officials remain.

Commodus’s documented role is bounded by other offices and collaborators named in the sources below. Sharing a field with them is not a reason to drop a documented act, and it is not a reason to assign later consequences done in the name after death.

Dio: famine worsened by the grain commissioner Papirius Dionysius to blame Cleander; Circus riot; Marcia urges Commodus to kill Cleander. Year-level date.

Named person as heading of the dated public instrument. Later editors, museums, printers, or offices share publication. Complex where later carriers are the surviving public file.

## Evidence and sources

Cassius Dio Book 73 (Loeb English) — Commodus and Livius — Commodus independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: Cassius Dio Book 73 (Loeb English) — Commodus (https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/73*.html; LacusCurtius / University of Chicago).

## Significance

The 190 grain crisis is a humanitarian path of high confidence on occurrence in Dio/Livius, none on a unique calorie coefficient supplied here.

## What is established and what is not

Established as a sourced public record of this instrument at the date assigned here.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

Established here: a sourced, dated public instrument with a named contribution by Commodus.

They are not a public rating.

The driver `humanitarian-access` is attached because the mechanism named in Significance follows from this instrument, not because a standing list of welfare headings needed another tick. Commodus did not file a later UNESCO form, a later Loeb colophon, or a later museum label as a personal act. A portrait or conventional bust is not this mechanism. Allegation, reconstruction, and established occurrence stay distinct. Marcia is a court actor in the literary file, not a modern minister. Keep the carrier date of later English distinct from the received historical year stored in the date field. Do not read a later English edition as a recovered autograph of Commodus.

## People

- Commodus: https://factrail.ai/people/commodus

## Drivers

- Income Inequality: https://factrail.ai/drivers/income-inequality

## Sources

- https://www.livius.org/articles/person/commodus/
- https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/73*.html

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/com-grain-crisis-190