# UNESCO World Heritage listing covers the Herculaneum site of the papyri villa

Date: 1997

## The fact

The 1997 inscription of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata is a completed conservation-policy act covering the ground from which the Epicurean library came. [Epicurus](/people/epicurus) did not file the nomination. Listing creates duties and a tourist frame.

## Context

Heritage listing can fund conservation and overcrowding. The villa-as-patronage container is the worsening twin.

Epicurus is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

## Evidence and sources

Official edition, museum, archive, or agency page and an independent publisher independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: UNESCO — Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/829/; UNESCO World Heritage Centre).

## Significance

A World Heritage file is a conservation-access path, not a rebate to Vesuvius’s dead.

A World Heritage file is a conservation-access path, not a rebate to Vesuvius’s dead.

## What is established and what is not

Established as a dated public record of this instrument.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

## People

- Epicurus: https://factrail.ai/people/epicurus

## Drivers

- Humanitarian Access: https://factrail.ai/drivers/humanitarian-access

## Sources

- https://www.herculaneum.ox.ac.uk/
- https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/829/

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ep-unesco-herculaneum-1997