# Ethiopia and Eritrea sign the Jeddah Agreement on peace and friendship

Date: 2018

## The fact

On 16 September 2018 Ethiopia and Eritrea signed a further Agreement on Peace, Friendship and Comprehensive Cooperation in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, following the 9 July Asmara declaration.

## Context

Saudi Arabia hosted. Abiy and Isaias signed. UAE weather sat around the Horn opening. He did not write a UN membership change. Later Tigray coordination with Eritrean forces is a neighbouring later file.

Asmara 9 July is the first declaration. Tigray 2020 is later.

The prime minister of Ethiopia is chief executive under the 1995 constitution as amended, chairs the Council of Ministers, and commands the ENDF in practice. He does not write AU Assembly resolutions, OHCHR investigation reports, IMF board decisions, or Somali federal statutes.

## Evidence and sources

Office of the Prime Minister of Ethiopia carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently.

## Significance

The path is [humanitarian access](/drivers/humanitarian-access): a second completed peace text after Asmara is an attempted consolidation of the 2018 opening. It is not a finding that Eritrean troops would never later enter Tigray.

## What is established and what is not

Established: a 16 September 2018 Jeddah peace-and-friendship agreement, independently reported.

Not established: that border demarcation was completed, or that Eritrean forces were thereby barred from later Tigray operations.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

Isaias signed. Saudi Arabia hosted.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies Ethiopia and Eritrea sign the Jeddah Agreement on peace and friendship, not a later speech about Ethiopia and Eritrea sign the Jeddah Agreement on peace and friendship.

Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. Ethiopia and Eritrea sign the Jeddah Agreement on peace and friendship on 2018-09-16 is not a licence to treat every later Office of the Prime Minister of Ethiopia communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor decree exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average Ethiopia and Eritrea sign the Jeddah Agreement on peace and friendship into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to He signed as Ethiopian principal. Isaias signed. Saudi Arabia hosted. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series.

## People

- Abiy Ahmed: https://factrail.ai/people/sec-abiy-ahmed

## Drivers

- Humanitarian Access: https://factrail.ai/drivers/humanitarian-access
- Energy Security: https://factrail.ai/drivers/energy-security

## Sources

- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ethiopia-eritrea-idUSKCN1LW0K4
- https://www.pmo.gov.et/

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/et-jeddah-peace-2018