# One year after Pretoria, western Tigray remains under non-Tigrayan administration Date: 2023 ## The fact On the first anniversary of Pretoria, 2 November 2023, western Tigray (Welkait and neighbouring areas) remained under Amhara administration and militia presence, with large numbers of Tigrayans still displaced. ## Context Pretoria left territorial status to the constitution. Federal forces and Amhara authorities remained. He signed Pretoria as federal principal and still commands the ENDF. HRW and others documented unfinished return. Pretoria is 2 November 2022. Amhara SoE is August 2023. The prime minister of Ethiopia is chief executive under the 1995 constitution as amended, chairs the Council of Ministers, and commands the ENDF in practice. He does not write AU Assembly resolutions, OHCHR investigation reports, IMF board decisions, or Somali federal statutes. ## Evidence and sources African Union carries the official instrument or communique. Human Rights Watch records the same dated act independently. ## Significance The path is forced displacement: a completed anniversary finding that returns remain blocked is an unfinished-peace cost. It does not unwrite the cessation of large-scale fighting. ## What is established and what is not Established: a November 2023 documented failure to restore Tigrayan administration and returns in western Tigray one year after Pretoria. Not established: that Pretoria was thereby void, or a unique remaining-IDP coefficient as his personal count. What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions. The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit. Amhara authorities and ENDF still sat in the zone. TPLF also had unmet disarmament clauses.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies One year after Pretoria, western Tigray remains under non-Tigrayan administration, not a later speech about One year after Pretoria, western Tigray remains under non-Tigrayan administration. Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. One year after Pretoria, western Tigray remains under non-Tigrayan administration on 2023-11-02 is not a licence to treat every later African Union communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor decree exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average One year after Pretoria, western Tigray remains under non-Tigrayan administration into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to He remains federal principal on Pretoria implementation. Amhara authorities and ENDF still sat in the zone. TPLF also had unmet disarmament clauses. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series. Human Rights Watch reported on 1 June 2023 that local authorities and Amhara forces in Western Tigray continued forcibly expelling Tigrayans after the 2 November 2022 truce and said people had been detained on the basis of identity before expulsions in November 2022 and January 2023. The UN International Commission’s September 2023 report likewise said serious violations in Tigray continued after the cessation agreement and identified the continued presence of Eritrean forces and abuses by Amhara actors as unresolved concerns. ## People - Abiy Ahmed: https://factrail.ai/people/sec-abiy-ahmed ## Drivers - Forced-Displacement Scale: https://factrail.ai/drivers/forced-displacement-scale - Protection of Minority Rights: https://factrail.ai/drivers/protection-of-minority-rights ## Sources - https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/06/01/ethiopia-ethnic-cleansing-persists-under-tigray-truce - https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/chreetiopia/A_HRC_54_55_AUV.pdf - https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/02/ethiopia-atrocities-mar-ceasefire-anniversary - https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20221102/agreement-permanent-cessation-hostilities-between-government-federal-democratic ## Methodology https://factrail.ai/methodology Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/et-western-tigray-unresolved-2023