# European Commission designates six DMA gatekeepers including Meta, Apple and ByteDance

Date: 2023

_No public text on this fact yet._

## Drivers

- Social-Platform Dependence: https://factrail.ai/drivers/social-platform-dependence

## Sources

_Sources are listed on the canonical page._

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/eu-dma-six-gatekeepers-designated-september-2023