# Gandhi writes Hind Swaraj on the voyage from London to South Africa

Date: 1909

## The fact

In November 1909, on the Kildonan Castle, Gandhi wrote Hind Swaraj, a dialogue attacking industrial civilisation, lawyers, and doctors as un-Indian and proposing swaraj as self-rule of the self and the village.

## Context

Anti-industrial swaraj can be a critique of extractive empire and a brake on later developmental states. The improving path stored here is a public industrial-policy critique, with health-system costs of anti-hospital rhetoric on a worsening row if dated.

[Mahatma Gandhi](/people/mahatma-gandhi) is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

## Evidence and sources

Official archival, ashram, or government pages and an independent publisher independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule (1909) — MKGandhi.org text (https://www.mkgandhi.org/hindswaraj/hindswaraj.htm; MKGandhi.org / Navajivan tradition).

## Significance

A shipboard book is not a factory act. Do not write that it closed mills.

A shipboard book is not a factory act. Do not write that it closed mills.

## What is established and what is not

Established as a dated public record of this instrument.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The attached driver is [industrial-policy-activism](/drivers/industrial-policy-activism). The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

## People

- Mahatma Gandhi: https://factrail.ai/people/mahatma-gandhi

## Drivers

- Industrial-Policy Activism: https://factrail.ai/drivers/industrial-policy-activism

## Sources

- https://www.mkgandhi.org/hindswaraj/hindswaraj.htm
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mahatma-Gandhi

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ga-hind-swaraj-1909