# Chinggis invades Khwarezm after the Otrar massacre of his caravan

Date: 1219

## The fact

In 1219 Chinggis Khan invaded Khwarezm after the Otrar massacre of a Mongol caravan. Encyclopaedias and Iranica date the invasion. It is the opening of a city-killing war. Genghis Khan's documented role is: He invaded the Khwarezmshah's realm after a caravan was killed at Otrar.

## Context

The Khwarezmshah ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad is the received counterpart. Sharing the war with Jochi, Chagatai, Ögedei, and Jebe is required. Each sack below is its own Fact. The setting of Chinggis invades Khwarezm after the Otrar massacre of his caravan is the public file around 1219-01-01. Shared offices, unnamed crews, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. Driver [humanitarian-access](/drivers/humanitarian-access) is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

Shared responsibility is part of Chinggis invades Khwarezm after the Otrar massacre of his caravan. Naming Genghis Khan does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 1219-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

## Evidence and sources

Official locator: Britannica — Khwarezm at https://www.britannica.com/place/Khwarezm (Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent locator: Encyclopaedia Iranica — Čengīz Khan, Khwarezm war at https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cengiz-khan (Encyclopaedia Iranica). Official carrier: Britannica — Khwarezm (https://www.britannica.com/place/Khwarezm; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Encyclopaedia Iranica — Čengīz Khan, Khwarezm war (https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cengiz-khan; Encyclopaedia Iranica).

Official or archival record: Britannica — Khwarezm (https://www.britannica.com/place/Khwarezm; Encyclopaedia Britannica).

## Significance

Worsening path from Chinggis invades Khwarezm after the Otrar massacre of his caravan on 1219-01-01. The Khwarezm war is a humanitarian catastrophe path of high weight. The welfare reading on this path is worsening.

## What is established and what is not

Established: a sourced public record of Chinggis invades Khwarezm after the Otrar massacre of his caravan under 1219-01-01 for Genghis Khan. Established: a sourced public record of Chinggis invades Khwarezm after the Otrar massacre of his caravan under 1219-01-01.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Do not dump Bukhara, Samarkand, Gurganj, and Merv into this one row. They follow as distinct urban instruments. Mixed effects of Chinggis invades Khwarezm after the Otrar massacre of his caravan are separate paths.

The attached driver is humanitarian-access. The welfare reading used in this dossier is worsening. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

## People

- Genghis Khan: https://factrail.ai/people/genghis-khan

## Drivers

- Humanitarian Access: https://factrail.ai/drivers/humanitarian-access

## Sources

- https://www.britannica.com/place/Khwarezm
- https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cengiz-khan

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/gk-khwarezm-1219