# Loeb Italian years print a coalition of Italian peoples against Rome as a received check on one city’s hegemony

Date: 1922

## The fact

Livy/Polybius English of Capua and others joining [Hannibal](/people/hannibal) can be read as a failed check on Roman unipolarity. Low-confidence resilience heading: a general is not a democrat, but the received story is a coalition against one city’s dominance.

## Context

Do not write that he was a republican. Do write the anti-unipolar coalition as later told, with civilian costs on harm rows.

Hannibal is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

## Evidence and sources

Official heritage, Loeb, or encyclopedia pages and an independent publisher independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: Perseus — Polybius (English) (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0234; Perseus Digital Library / Tufts).

## Significance

Printed Italian coalition is not a ballot.

## What is established and what is not

Established as a dated public record of this instrument. Not established: a unique Factrail-original body count, or a recovered 216 BCE civil-registry file.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The attached driver is democratic-resilience. The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

## People

- Hannibal: https://factrail.ai/people/hannibal

## Drivers

- Democratic Resilience: https://factrail.ai/drivers/democratic-resilience

## Sources

- https://www.livius.org/articles/person/hannibal-3-barca/
- https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0234

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ha-democratic-resilience-coalition