# UNESCO Carthage interpretation prints a shared Punic past that includes the Barcid wars as civic memory

Date: 1979

## The fact

The 1979 listing’s public presentation makes Carthage a shared Tunisian-and-Mediterranean memory. Modest cohesion path of medium confidence: a named general as later civic calendar, beside war harms.

## Context

He did not open a 1979 site museum.

[Hannibal](/people/hannibal) is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

## Evidence and sources

Official heritage, Loeb, or encyclopedia pages and an independent publisher independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: UNESCO — Archaeological Site of Carthage (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/37/; UNESCO World Heritage Centre).

## Significance

Printed civic memory is not a 216 BCE triumph.

## What is established and what is not

Established as a dated public record of this instrument. Not established: a unique Factrail-original body count, or a recovered 216 BCE civil-registry file.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The attached driver is social-cohesion. The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here. Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The attached driver is social-cohesion. The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

## People

- Hannibal: https://factrail.ai/people/hannibal

## Drivers

- Social Cohesion: https://factrail.ai/drivers/social-cohesion

## Sources

- https://www.inp.rnrt.tn/
- https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/37/

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ha-social-cohesion-barcid-memory