# Leviathan gas field begins production

Date: 2019

## The fact

On 31 December 2019 the Leviathan offshore gas field began production, a field developed under [Netanyahu](/people/benjamin-netanyahu)-era energy policy.

## Context

Noble, Delek, and Ratio developed it. Neighbouring Egypt export 2018 is a related commercial instrument. He did not drill the well.

The 2018 Egypt gas deal is neighbouring. I2U2 is a later diplomatic energy-adjacent text.

The Prime Minister of Israel chairs the cabinet, is the political principal of the IDF, and can table Knesset bills. He does not write a Hamas military order, an ICC judgment, a US presidential proclamation, or a UN Security Council resolution.

## Evidence and sources

Ministry of Energy of Israel carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently.

## Significance

The path is energy security and fiscal sustainability: a completed domestic gas start is a dated import-substitution instrument.

## What is established and what is not

Established: 31 December 2019 Leviathan production start, independently reported.

Not established: a unique later CPI coefficient from New Year’s Eve, or that every later export contract was this hour.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

Companies produced. Egypt and Jordan sat as buyers on neighbouring deals.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies Leviathan gas field begins production, not a later speech about Leviathan gas field begins production.

Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. Leviathan gas field begins production on 2019-12-31 is not a licence to treat every later Ministry of Energy of Israel communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor instrument exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average Leviathan gas field begins production into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to His energy policy licensed and politically owned the field. Companies produced. Egypt and Jordan sat as buyers on neighbouring deals. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series.

## People

- Benjamin Netanyahu: https://factrail.ai/people/benjamin-netanyahu

## Drivers

- Energy Security: https://factrail.ai/drivers/energy-security
- Natural-Gas Supply Diversification: https://factrail.ai/drivers/natural-gas-supply-diversification
- Fiscal-Policy Sustainability: https://factrail.ai/drivers/fiscal-policy-sustainability

## Sources

- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-natgas-leviathan-idUSKBN1YZ0K4
- https://www.gov.il/en

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/il-leviathan-2019