# India and France launch the International Solar Alliance at COP21 Date: 2015 ## The fact On 30 November 2015 Prime Minister [Narendra Modi](/people/narendra-modi) and President [François Hollande](/people/francois-hollande) launched the International Solar Alliance at COP21 in Paris, a completed intergovernmental initiative on solar deployment. ## Context The Alliance later became a treaty-based organisation headquartered in India. Hollande co-launched. Modi is the Indian principal. He did not write France’s energy code. Later ISA framework-agreement entry into force is a neighbouring later instrument. Paris ratification in October 2016 is a neighbouring later depositary act. Domestic solar auctions are neighbouring later energy files. The Prime Minister of India is head of the Union Council of Ministers. Parliament writes statutes; the President assents; states and Union ministries implement; the Supreme Court can strike a scheme down. A prime minister can announce demonetisation, drive a bill, and take an oath. He does not write a UNFCCC depositary record, an ISRO telemetry file, or a Supreme Court judgment by himself. ## Evidence and sources Ministry of External Affairs of India carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently. ## Significance The path is renewable buildout and decarbonisation: a completed solar-alliance launch is a dated international energy-diplomacy instrument. ## What is established and what is not Established: a 30 November 2015 India–France launch of the International Solar Alliance at COP21. Not established: a unique later global solar-gigawatt coefficient from the launch hour, or that every later ISA member built panels because of the communique. What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions. The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit. Hollande co-launched. Later secretariats implement. He did not write France’s energy code.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies India and France launch the International Solar Alliance at COP21, not a later speech about India and France launch the International Solar Alliance at COP21. Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. India and France launch the International Solar Alliance at COP21 on 2015-11-30 is not a licence to treat every later Ministry of External Affairs of India communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor decree exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average India and France launch the International Solar Alliance at COP21 into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to He co-launched as India’s principal. Hollande co-launched. Later secretariats implement. He did not write France’s energy code. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series. The Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, the President, the Reserve Bank, state governments, the Election Commission, and foreign counterparties share specific files. Allegation is not a completed judgment. A Supreme Court striking-down is not a criminal conviction. A scheme notification is not a unique rupee coefficient. A UN pledge is not a delivered emissions path. ## People - Narendra Modi: https://factrail.ai/people/narendra-modi ## Drivers - Renewable capacity buildout: https://factrail.ai/drivers/energy-renewable-buildout - Decarbonization and climate-mitigation policy: https://factrail.ai/drivers/env-decarbonization-policy ## Sources - https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climatechange-summit-solar-idUSKBN0TJ1L720151130 - https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/26061 ## Methodology https://factrail.ai/methodology Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/in-isa-launch-2015