# Iran and China sign a 25-year comprehensive cooperation agreement

Date: 2021

## The fact

On 27 March 2021 Iran and China signed a 25-year comprehensive cooperation agreement covering energy, infrastructure, and security-adjacent cooperation. Khamenei had publicly endorsed looking East.

## Context

Rouhani’s foreign ministry signed. Neighbouring JCPOA was already reduced. He did not sit as a CNPC engineer.

JCPOA reductions 2019 are neighbouring. Xi’s 2023 Saudi brokerage is later.

The Supreme Leader of Iran is commander-in-chief and the highest constitutional authority. He does not write a US presidential strike order, an IAEA Board resolution, or a Hamas military plan. Presidents, the IRGC, and the Guardian Council implement and share specific files.

## Evidence and sources

Office of the Supreme Leader of Iran carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently.

## Significance

The path is industrial policy and sanctions: a completed long-horizon partnership is a dated sanctions-hedge instrument.

## What is established and what is not

Established: 27 March 2021 Iran–China 25-year agreement, independently reported.

Not established: a unique later investment coefficient from that day, or that sanctions ended.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

The foreign ministry signed. China signed.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies Iran and China sign a 25-year comprehensive cooperation agreement, not a later speech about Iran and China sign a 25-year comprehensive cooperation agreement.

Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. Iran and China sign a 25-year comprehensive cooperation agreement on 2021-03-27 is not a licence to treat every later Office of the Supreme Leader of Iran communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor instrument exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average Iran and China sign a 25-year comprehensive cooperation agreement into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to He endorsed the East turn. The foreign ministry signed. China signed. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series.

## People

- Ali Khamenei: https://factrail.ai/people/ali-khamenei

## Drivers

- Industrial-Policy Activism: https://factrail.ai/drivers/industrial-policy-activism
- Sanctions Pressure: https://factrail.ai/drivers/sanctions-pressure

## Sources

- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-china-idUSKBN2BJ0HF
- https://english.khamenei.ir/

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ir-china-25yr-2021