# Calvin returns to Geneva on 13 September 1541 at the city’s invitation

Date: 1541

## The fact

On 13 September 1541 [Calvin](/people/john-calvin) re-entered Geneva after the city’s invitation, following the 1538 expulsion.

It is one event.

## Context

AEG and Britannica independently date 13 September 1541. Return is not yet consistory coercion. Split the wagon from the November text.

John Calvin’s documented role is bounded by other offices and collaborators named in the sources below. Sharing a field with them is not a reason to drop a documented act, and it is not a reason to assign later consequences done in the name after death.

Conventional years are 1509–1564. Surviving public files are later museum pages, consistory editions, Meeter Center collections, and encyclopedias. Calvin did not typeset those later pages.

Named person as heading of the dated public instrument. Later editors, museums, printers, or offices share publication. Complex where later carriers are the surviving public file.

## Evidence and sources

Geneva’s archives portal and Britannica independently date the 13 September 1541 return.

Official or archival record: Archives d’État de Genève (https://www.ge.ch/organisation/archives-etat-geneve; République et Canton de Genève).

## Significance

Cohesion path. High confidence on the return date.

## What is established and what is not

Established: Calvin returned on 13 September 1541. Not established: that this day already burned Servetus.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

Established here: a sourced, dated public instrument with a named contribution by John Calvin.

They are not a public rating.

The driver `social-cohesion` is attached because the mechanism named in Significance follows from this instrument, not because a standing list of welfare headings needed another tick. John Calvin did not file a later UNESCO form, a later Loeb colophon, or a later museum label as a personal act. A portrait or conventional bust is not this mechanism. Allegation, reconstruction, and established occurrence stay distinct. A return is not an ordinance. Keep 20 November 1541 as the text. Keep the carrier date of later English distinct from the received historical year stored in the date field. Do not read a later English edition as a recovered autograph of John Calvin.
The driver `social-cohesion` is attached because the mechanism named in Significance follows from this instrument, not because a standing list of welfare headings needed another tick. John Calvin did not file a later UNESCO form, a later Loeb colophon, or a later museum label as a personal act. A portrait or conventional bust is not this mechanism. Allegation, reconstruction, and established occurrence stay distinct. A return is not an ordinance. Keep 20 November 1541 as the text. Keep the carrier date of later English distinct from the received historical year stored in the date field. Do not read a later English edition as a recovered autograph of John Calvin.

## People

- John Calvin: https://factrail.ai/people/john-calvin

## Drivers

- Social Cohesion: https://factrail.ai/drivers/social-cohesion

## Sources

- https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Calvin
- https://www.ge.ch/organisation/archives-etat-geneve

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/jc-return-1541