# Hortus Cliffortianus describes George Clifford’s Hartekamp garden

Date: 1737

## The fact

In 1737 Hortus Cliffortianus appeared, [Carl Linnaeus](/people/carl-linnaeus)’s catalogue of George Clifford’s garden at Hartekamp, where he had lived as physician-botanist to the Anglo-Dutch financier. Plates and descriptions taught a European public what a rich man’s stove-plants looked like.

## Context

Clifford’s garden concentrated Asian, African, and American plants through Dutch trade. Linnaeus ate, slept, and classified there. Sharing patronage does not erase his title page. Ehret’s sexual-system plate is neighbouring 1736 work, stored separately as an artificial key. Do not treat the later London Linnean collections as this 1737 folio.

## Evidence and sources

Linnean Society at https://www.linnean.org/learning/who-was-linnaeus places the Clifford years and Hortus Cliffortianus in the Dutch episode. Britannica at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carolus-Linnaeus independently names Clifford and the Hartekamp catalogue.

Official or archival record: Linnean Society — Who was Linnaeus? (https://www.linnean.org/learning/who-was-linnaeus; The Linnean Society of London).

## Significance

Education path via a printed garden. Modest-to-mid weight. High confidence on 1737.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

## What is established and what is not

Established: Hortus Cliffortianus was issued in 1737 from Clifford’s garden. Not established: that Linnaeus owned the plants, or that every later greenhouse is this book. Contribution is recorded as He catalogued the garden. Clifford paid living and print; artists drew plates. Complex. The impact note is A luxurious garden catalogue made a private Dutch collection a public botanical instrument, a modest knowledge path. The dated heading stays Hortus Cliffortianus describes George Clifford’s Hartekamp garden on 1737-01-01, not a later statue, UNESCO listing, or school film. Printers, unnamed clerks, and later editors may appear in the same file without becoming this instrument. Later competitions, monuments, and adaptations are refused as extra lifetime acts of this person on this date.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Hartekamp is not Species Plantarum and not a later UNESCO garden. Mixed effects of Hortus Cliffortianus describes George Clifford’s Hartekamp garden are separate paths.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

The attached driver is edu-[digital-learning-access](/drivers/edu-digital-learning-access). The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

Shared responsibility is part of Hortus Cliffortianus describes George Clifford’s Hartekamp garden. Naming Carl Linnaeus does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 1737-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

## People

- Carl Linnaeus: https://factrail.ai/people/carl-linnaeus

## Drivers

- Digital Learning Access: https://factrail.ai/drivers/edu-digital-learning-access

## Sources

- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carolus-Linnaeus
- https://www.linnean.org/learning/who-was-linnaeus

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/linnaeus-hortus-cliffort-1737