# The first edition of Systema Naturae is printed at Leiden

Date: 1735

## The fact

In 1735 [Carl Linnaeus](/people/carl-linnaeus)’s Systema Naturae first edition was printed at Leiden as a set of tables dividing nature into three kingdoms, with humans placed in the animal kingdom rather than off the page as a separate spiritual exception. Later tenth-edition racial pages are a different Fact. The sexual system of plants appears here as an artificial key Linnaeus already called provisional. It is not the 1753 Species Plantarum and not a later ICZN starting-point rule he did not write.

## Context

Placing Homo among animals was theologically loud in 1735 even before binomials were consistent. Gronovius’s money and a Leiden press made a Swedish manuscript a European object. John Ray and others already classified; this table’s fame is not unique invention of order as such. Four brief human colour-continent lines exist already; the 1758 expansion of moral ranks is the worsening split, not this first sheet’s naturalism.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

## Evidence and sources

The Linnean Society exhibition page at https://www.linnean.org/research-collections/on-display/homo-sapiens-classifying-the-human-animal dates the 1735 first edition and human inclusion. Britannica at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carolus-Linnaeus independently dates the Leiden Systema and Gronovius’s support.

Official or archival record: Linnean Society — Homo sapiens: classifying the human animal (https://www.linnean.org/research-collections/on-display/homo-sapiens-classifying-the-human-animal; The Linnean Society of London).

## Significance

Education and naturalism path. Mid weight for a pamphlet of tables. High confidence on 1735 printing.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. 1735 naturalism is not the 1758 racial page. Mixed effects of The first edition of Systema Naturae is printed at Leiden are separate paths.

## What is established and what is not

Established: Systema Naturae first edition appeared at Leiden in 1735 with humans in the animal kingdom. Not established: that Linnaeus wrote later nomenclatural codes, or that 1735 already carried the 1758 moral table. Contribution is recorded as He authored the tables. Gronovius and Lawson paid the Leiden printer. Complex. The impact note is A public three-kingdom table, including humans among animals, is a knowledge-access instrument, split from later racial ranks. The dated heading stays The first edition of Systema Naturae is printed at Leiden on 1735-12-09, not a later statue, UNESCO listing, or school film. Printers, unnamed clerks, and later editors may appear in the same file without becoming this instrument. Later competitions, monuments, and adaptations are refused as extra lifetime acts of this person on this date.

Shared responsibility is part of The first edition of Systema Naturae is printed at Leiden. Naming Carl Linnaeus does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 1735-12-09 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

The attached driver is edu-[digital-learning-access](/drivers/edu-digital-learning-access). The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

## People

- Carl Linnaeus: https://factrail.ai/people/carl-linnaeus

## Drivers

- Digital Learning Access: https://factrail.ai/drivers/edu-digital-learning-access

## Sources

- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carolus-Linnaeus
- https://www.linnean.org/research-collections/on-display/homo-sapiens-classifying-the-human-animal

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/linnaeus-systema-1735