# Tiani signs the Liptako-Gourma Charter establishing the Alliance of Sahel States Date: 2023 ## The fact On 16 September 2023 [Abdourahamane Tiani](/people/abdourahamane-tiani) signed the Liptako-Gourma Charter with [Assimi Goïta](/people/assimi-goita) and [Ibrahim Traoré](/people/ibrahim-traore), establishing AES collective defence. Mali circulated a certified copy as S/2023/695. ## Context He signed as CNSP head of state. Goïta and Traoré are live counterparts. 16 September signing; UN circulation as S/2023/695. Stored as one 16 September 2023 Fact. Keep Tiani signs the Liptako-Gourma Charter establishing the Alliance of Sahel States on 2023-09-16 separate from neighbouring coup, AES, and ECOWAS instruments. The CNSP president of Niger is head of state and commanded the presidential guard that detained Mohamed Bazoum. He can appear on television as head of state, sign a charter, and join a communiqué. He does not write a UN document as if he were the Secretariat, and he does not invent a unique detention-day integer here. ## Evidence and sources United Nations Security Council carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently. ## Significance The path is the owned coup-and-AES driver: a completed junta mutual-defence charter. ## What is established and what is not Established: He signed the Liptako-Gourma Charter on 16 September 2023. S/2023/695 circulates the certified text. What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions. The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit. Goïta and Traoré signed. Sharing signatures is not a reason to drop 16 September 2023 from his file.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies Tiani signs the Liptako-Gourma Charter establishing the Alliance of Sahel States, not a later speech about Tiani signs the Liptako-Gourma Charter establishing the Alliance of Sahel States. Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. Tiani signs the Liptako-Gourma Charter establishing the Alliance of Sahel States on 2023-09-16 is not a licence to treat every later United Nations Security Council communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor instrument exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average Tiani signs the Liptako-Gourma Charter establishing the Alliance of Sahel States into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to He signed. Goïta and Traoré signed. Sharing signatures is not a reason to drop 16 September 2023 from his file. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series. ## People - Abdourahamane Tiani: https://factrail.ai/people/abdourahamane-tiani ## Drivers - Tiani 2023 Niger coup: https://factrail.ai/drivers/tiani-2023-coup-niger ## Sources - https://crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/crisiswatch/CrisisWatch-September-2023-Africa_2.pdf - https://www.voanews.com/a/mali-niger-and-burkina-faso-sign-sahel-security-pact-/7271405.html - https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/mali-niger-burkina-faso-sign-sahel-security-pact-2023-09-16/ - https://undocs.org/S/2023/695 ## Methodology https://factrail.ai/methodology Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ne-tiani-aes-2023