# Azoguidus at Bologna prints the 1471 Opera including Ars amatoria and Metamorphoses

Date: 1471

## The fact

In 1471 Balthasar Azoguidus printed at Bologna an Opera of [Ovid](/people/ovid) edited by Franciscus Puteolanus, among the first substantial printed collections, including Ars amandi and Metamorphoses. The dated public instrument is that incunable. It is not an Augustan autograph file.

## Context

Print is a knowledge gain and also the vehicle that later Indexes and schoolmasters could ban or expurgate. Those bans are other rows.

Ovid is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

## Evidence and sources

CERL ISTC io00126000 and British Library incunable cataloguing independently describe the 1471 Bologna Opera.

Official or archival record: ISTC — Ovid Opera, Bologna, Balthasar Azoguidus, 1471 (https://data.cerl.org/istc/io00126000; Consortium of European Research Libraries).

## Significance

Knowledge-access path. High confidence on the printing.

An incunable is not a seduction. Do not merge Ars’s later ethics row into the colophon.

## What is established and what is not

Established: an Opera including Ars and Metamorphoses was printed at Bologna in 1471. Not established: that Ovid authorised type, or a 1471 literacy series.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The attached driver is edu-[digital-learning-access](/drivers/edu-digital-learning-access). The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here. Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

## People

- Ovid: https://factrail.ai/people/ovid

## Drivers

- Digital Learning Access: https://factrail.ai/drivers/edu-digital-learning-access

## Sources

- https://data.cerl.org/istc/io00126000
- https://www.bl.uk/

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ov-bologna-opera-1471