# Public Romans 13 prints obedience to governing authorities as a received political heading

Date: 1979

## The fact

Romans 13 in NA28 and public English tells readers to be subject to authorities as instituted. Later absolutists and quietists cited it. Twin of any later civil-rights uses of Galatians.

## Context

A letter can limit zealots and can bless predators.

[Paul the Apostle](/people/paul-the-apostle) is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

## Evidence and sources

Official Bible-society, Vatican, or library pages and an independent publisher independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: New Advent — Romans (Douay-Rheims / Challoner) (https://www.newadvent.org/bible/rom001.htm; New Advent).

## Significance

## What is established and what is not

Established as a dated public record of this instrument.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

## People

- Paul the Apostle: https://factrail.ai/people/paul-the-apostle

## Drivers

- Democratic Resilience: https://factrail.ai/drivers/democratic-resilience

## Sources

- https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans%2013&version=NRSVUE
- https://www.newadvent.org/bible/rom001.htm

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/pa-romans-13-authority