# The Almagest completes a geocentric kinematic planetary system as received mathematical authority

Date: 150

## The fact

G. J. Toomer’s 1984 English Almagest prints [Ptolemy](/people/ptolemy)’s completed geocentric kinematic system as a public mathematical book.

It is one event.

## Context

The Almagest is also an access and skill-transfer gain; that is a separate improving row. [Copernicus](/people/nicolaus-copernicus) and Kepler are not Ptolemy’s acts.

Ptolemy’s documented role is bounded by other offices and collaborators named in the sources below. Sharing a field with them is not a reason to drop a documented act, and it is not a reason to assign later consequences done in the name after death.

Conventional floruit is the mid-2nd century CE in Roman Alexandria.

Named person as heading of the dated public instrument. Later editors, museums, printers, or offices share publication. Complex where later carriers are the surviving public file.

## Evidence and sources

Princeton — Ptolemy's Almagest, trans. G. J. Toomer and MacTutor — Claudius Ptolemy independently describe this instrument.

Official or archival record: Princeton — Ptolemy's Almagest, trans. G. J. Toomer (https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691002606/ptolemys-almagest; Princeton University Press).

## Significance

A printed geocentric computational system is an industrial-knowledge path of high confidence on the book, not a unique coefficient for later GDP.

## What is established and what is not

Established as a dated public record of this instrument.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

Established here: a sourced, dated public instrument with a named contribution by Ptolemy.

They are not a public rating.

Driver `industrial-policy-activism` is attached because the Significance sentence names a mechanism from The Almagest completes a geocentric kinematic planetary system as received mathematical authority at 0150-01-01, not because a standing driver list needed coverage. Official page: https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691002606/ptolemys-almagest. Independent page: https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Ptolemy/.

## People

- Ptolemy: https://factrail.ai/people/ptolemy

## Drivers

- Industrial-Policy Activism: https://factrail.ai/drivers/industrial-policy-activism

## Sources

- https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Ptolemy/
- https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691002606/ptolemys-almagest

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/pto-almagest-geocentric-authority