# Russia introduces a 13 percent flat personal-income tax

Date: 2001

## The fact

In 2001 Russia replaced a progressive personal-income-tax schedule with a 13 percent flat rate as part of the Gref tax reform. [Putin](/people/vladimir-putin) was president; the Duma passed the tax-code changes; the finance ministry implemented.

## Context

The reform sat beside other early-2000s fiscal changes after the 1998 crash. Supporters credited compliance; critics later pointed to regressivity. Putin signed; Gref and Kudrin designed; inspectors collected. He did not print every later oligarch dividend.

IMF repayment in 2005 is a different date. Maternity capital in 2006 is a different statute.

The president of the Russian Federation is commander-in-chief and can issue decrees, sign statutes the Federal Assembly has passed, and represent the state abroad. He does not write UN General Assembly resolutions, ICC warrants, or European Council conclusions.

## Evidence and sources

President of Russia carries the official instrument or communique. International Monetary Fund records the same dated act independently.

## Significance

The path is [fiscal-policy sustainability](/drivers/fiscal-policy-sustainability) and [household purchasing power](/drivers/household-purchasing-power): a completed rate simplification can raise compliance and change incidence. It is not a finding that 2022 war finance was this code.

## What is established and what is not

Established: a 2001 enrolled change to a 13 percent personal-income-tax rate under Putin’s first presidency.

Not established: a unique later Gini coefficient from the signing month, or that every later surplus was this rate.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

The Duma passed it. The finance ministry collected.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies Russia introduces a 13 percent flat personal-income tax, not a later speech about Russia introduces a 13 percent flat personal-income tax.

Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. Russia introduces a 13 percent flat personal-income tax on 2001-07-01 is not a licence to treat every later President of Russia communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor decree exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average Russia introduces a 13 percent flat personal-income tax into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to He signed the tax-code reform. The Duma passed it. The finance ministry collected. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series.

## People

- Vladimir Putin: https://factrail.ai/people/vladimir-putin

## Drivers

- Fiscal-Policy Sustainability: https://factrail.ai/drivers/fiscal-policy-sustainability

## Sources

- https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2006/09/ivanova.htm
- https://en.kremlin.ru/acts/news/

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ru-flat-tax-2001