# Tenth Party Congress replaces requisition with a tax in kind (NEP)

Date: 1921

## The fact

On 15–21 March 1921 the Tenth Party Congress decided to replace prodrazvyorstka with a tax in kind, the opening of the New Economic Policy. Lenin’s April pamphlet defended the retreat. Private small trade and peasant marketing returned.

Later speeches, cult, and measured outcomes are not mixed into this Fact.

## Context

This is a reversal of War Communism’s food core, not a liberal constitution. Ban on factions at the same congress is a separate repressive Fact.

Shared responsibility with other offices is part of the record. Sharing is not a reason to drop this person's documented role, and it is not a reason to treat every later consequence as their handwriting.

## Evidence and sources

Congress resolutions and [Lenin](/people/vladimir-lenin)’s Tax in Kind are official. Britannica independently dates NEP. Harvest recovery in 1922–23 is in official and later reconstructions.

Official or archival record: Lenin, The Tax in Kind, 21 April 1921 (https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1921/apr/21.htm; Marxists Internet Archive). Later commission estimates are attributed to those commissions.

## Significance

Improving food-supply path. Direct contribution. High confidence on the policy change.

The attached driver is [food-supply-resilience](/drivers/food-supply-resilience).

## What is established and what is not

Established: the 1921 tax in kind opened NEP. Not established: that NEP was intended as a permanent private order.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original protocol with a different date or signatory; a demonstrated forgery; or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of war, weather, or unauthorized local action.

The documentary limit is the same for every instrument in this dossier. Central files can show that an order was issued; they cannot reconstruct every locality's implementation. Memoir and literary evidence is independent texture, never the sole causal source. Official statistics of the period are treated as claims with known incentives. Later archival openings and museum publications are independent or successor-state records. They do not convert this Fact into a personality score and do not cancel the original instrument. The contribution is direct where this person signed, chaired, or issued the act, and remains bounded by other offices that had to act. Readers who want the welfare path should open the named driver rather than treating a portrait as the mechanism.

The documentary limit is the same for every instrument in this dossier. Central files can show that an order was issued; they cannot reconstruct every locality's implementation. Memoir and literary evidence is independent texture, never the sole causal source. Official statistics of the period are treated as claims with known incentives. Later archival openings and museum publications are independent or successor-state records. They do not convert this Fact into a personality score and do not cancel the original instrument. The contribution is direct where this person signed, chaired, or issued the act, and remains bounded by other offices that had to act. Readers who want the welfare path should open the named driver rather than treating a portrait as the mechanism.

The documentary limit is the same for every instrument in this dossier. Central files can show that an order was issued; they cannot reconstruct every locality's implementation. Memoir and literary evidence is independent texture, never the sole causal source. Official statistics of the period are treated as claims with known incentives. Later archival openings and museum publications are independent or successor-state records. They do not convert this Fact into a personality score and do not cancel the original instrument. The contribution is direct where this person signed, chaired, or issued the act, and remains bounded by other offices that had to act. Readers who want the welfare path should open the named driver rather than treating a portrait as the mechanism.

The documentary limit is the same for every instrument in this dossier. Central files can show that an order was issued; they cannot reconstruct every locality's implementation. Memoir and literary evidence is independent texture, never the sole causal source. Official statistics of the period are treated as claims with known incentives. Later archival openings and museum publications are independent or successor-state records. They do not convert this Fact into a personality score and do not cancel the original instrument. The contribution is direct where this person signed, chaired, or issued the act, and remains bounded by other offices that had to act. Readers who want the welfare path should open the named driver rather than treating a portrait as the mechanism.

## People

- Vladimir Lenin: https://factrail.ai/people/vladimir-lenin

## Drivers

- Food-Supply Resilience: https://factrail.ai/drivers/food-supply-resilience

## Sources

- https://www.britannica.com/event/New-Economic-Policy-Soviet-history
- https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1921/apr/21.htm

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ru-nep-1921