# Les Temps modernes begins as Sartre’s monthly of committed letters

Date: 1945

## The fact

In October 1945 Les Temps modernes appeared, the monthly [Jean-Paul Sartre](/people/jean-paul-sartre) founded as a review of committed writing, with Simone de Beauvoir and Maurice Merleau-Ponty among the first inner circle. Présentation of the review set literature as a civic act.

## Context

Liberation Paris wanted reviews that were not pre-war NRF business as usual. Aron was near then far. Sharing the masthead is required. Do not treat INA clips of 1960s Sartre as this 1945 first number. Gulag delays are later Facts, not 1945 founding as such.

The attached driver is edu-[digital-learning-access](/drivers/edu-digital-learning-access). The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

## Evidence and sources

Gallimard at https://www.gallimard.fr/ is the official early publisher of Les Temps modernes. SEP at https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sartre/ independently treats the review as the postwar public instrument.

Official or archival record: Éditions Gallimard — portal (https://www.gallimard.fr/; Éditions Gallimard).

## Significance

Education and public-sphere path, modest-to-mid weight. High confidence on 1945 founding. A review is not a ministry of culture.

Shared responsibility is part of Les Temps modernes begins as Sartre’s monthly of committed letters. Naming Jean-Paul Sartre does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 1945-10-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

## What is established and what is not

Established: Les Temps modernes began in 1945 under Sartre’s direction. Not established: that every later article is his autograph. Contribution is recorded as He founded and edited the review with Beauvoir, Merleau-Ponty and others. Gallimard published the early years. Complex. The impact note is A monthly of littérature engagée is an education-and-public-sphere path, modest-to-mid weight, not a party paper yet. The dated heading stays Les Temps modernes begins as Sartre’s monthly of committed letters on 1945-10-01, not a later statue, UNESCO listing, or school film. Printers, unnamed clerks, and later editors may appear in the same file without becoming this instrument. Later competitions, monuments, and adaptations are refused as extra lifetime acts of this person on this date.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. 1945 TM founding is not the 1952 Communists and Peace. Mixed effects of Les Temps modernes begins as Sartre’s monthly of committed letters are separate paths.

## People

- Jean-Paul Sartre: https://factrail.ai/people/jean-paul-sartre

## Drivers

- Digital Learning Access: https://factrail.ai/drivers/edu-digital-learning-access

## Sources

- https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sartre/
- https://www.gallimard.fr/

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/sartre-temps-modernes-1945