# Black Sea Grain Initiative signed in Istanbul

Date: 2022

On 22 July 2022 Russia and Ukraine signed parallel agreements with Turkey and the United Nations at Dolmabahce Palace in Istanbul, creating the Black Sea Grain Initiative to allow commercial food and fertilizer exports from the Ukrainian ports of Odesa, Chornomorsk and Pivdennyi despite the war. The deal was mediated principally by the United Nations (Secretary-General [Antonio Guterres](/people/antonio-guterres)) and Turkey (President [Recep Tayyip Erdogan](/people/recep-tayyip-erdogan)), with a Joint Coordination Centre established in Istanbul. The United States, including Secretary of State Antony Blinken, publicly supported and promoted the arrangement.

## People

- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan: https://factrail.ai/people/recep-tayyip-erdogan
- Vladimir Putin: https://factrail.ai/people/vladimir-putin
- Volodymyr Zelenskyy: https://factrail.ai/people/volodymyr-zelenskyy
- Antony Blinken: https://factrail.ai/people/sec-antony-blinken

## Drivers

- Peacebuilding and Mediation Efforts: https://factrail.ai/drivers/sec-peacebuilding-mediation-efforts
- Food-Price Pressure: https://factrail.ai/drivers/food-price-pressure
- Security of Maritime Trade Routes: https://factrail.ai/drivers/security-of-maritime-trade-routes
- Fertilizer Availability: https://factrail.ai/drivers/fertilizer-availability
- Cost-of-Living Pressure: https://factrail.ai/drivers/econ-cost-of-living-pressure

## Sources

- https://www.reuters.com/world/ukraine-russia-sign-deal-open-grain-export-corridor-2022-07-22/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative
- https://www.un.org/en/black-sea-grain-initiative

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/sec-fact-bsgi-signed-2022