# The Agricola narrates the conquest of northern Britain, Mons Graupius, and the making of a desert called peace

Date: 98

## The fact

Inside the Agricola, Tacitus writes the seven campaign years: Ordovices nearly wiped out, Mona taken, forts to the Tay, a fleet around Britain, Mons Graupius with a reported slaughter, and burning homesteads the next morning. He did not hold the British command. Archival locator: Perseus — Tacitus, Agricola (English) at https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0081 (Perseus Digital Library / Tufts). Independent locator: Britannica — Tacitus at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tacitus-Roman-historian (Encyclopaedia Britannica).

## Context

This is the harm path of the same monograph whose biography path is improving education. Split paths, not cosmetic twins: one is a life of a father-in-law; this is a war on Caledonia. Displacement includes hostages, deported youth into service, and ‘solitudinem faciunt’. Roman ‘humanitas’ as a tool of servitude (Agricola 21) is part of this machine. Archival locator: Perseus — Tacitus, Agricola (English) at https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0081 (Perseus Digital Library / Tufts). Independent locator: Britannica — Tacitus at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tacitus-Roman-historian (Encyclopaedia Britannica).

Shared responsibility is part of The Agricola narrates the conquest of northern Britain, Mons Graupius, and the making of a desert called peace. Naming Tacitus does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 0098-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

## Evidence and sources

Perseus English Agricola 18–38 is the public campaign-and-battle stretch. Britannica independently treats the governorship of Britain 78–84 as the book’s military core. Latin Library supplies the Latin. No unique modern GIS of Graupius is claimed as his. Archival locator: Perseus — Tacitus, Agricola (English) at https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0081 (Perseus Digital Library / Tufts). Independent locator: Britannica — Tacitus at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tacitus-Roman-historian (Encyclopaedia Britannica).

Official or archival record: Perseus — Tacitus, Agricola (English) (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0081; Perseus Digital Library / Tufts).

## Significance

Publishing a conquest as glory-with-pity is still a displacement path: the book made Mons Graupius portable. Medium-high confidence on the narrative; the 10,000 figure is his claim, not a census. Later Scottish commemorations are not 98. Archival locator: Perseus — Tacitus, Agricola (English) at https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0081 (Perseus Digital Library / Tufts). Independent locator: Britannica — Tacitus at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tacitus-Roman-historian (Encyclopaedia Britannica).

## What is established and what is not

Established: the campaign chapters as his 98 text. Not established: the battlefield’s modern identity, or a unique refugee total. Conventional publication year. Not a UNESCO wall. Archival locator: Perseus — Tacitus, Agricola (English) at https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0081 (Perseus Digital Library / Tufts). Independent locator: Britannica — Tacitus at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tacitus-Roman-historian (Encyclopaedia Britannica).

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Mixed effects of The Agricola narrates the conquest of northern Britain, Mons Graupius, and the making of a desert called peace are separate paths.

The attached driver is [forced-displacement-scale](/drivers/forced-displacement-scale). The welfare reading used in this dossier is worsening. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

## People

- Tacitus: https://factrail.ai/people/tacitus

## Drivers

- Forced-Displacement Scale: https://factrail.ai/drivers/forced-displacement-scale

## Sources

- https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0081
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tacitus-Roman-historian

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/tac-agricola-britain-conquest