# Erdoğan wins the 2023 presidential runoff

Date: 2023

## The fact

On 28 May 2023 [Erdoğan](/people/recep-tayyip-erdogan) won a presidential runoff against [Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu](/people/kemal-k-l-cdaroglu) with a reported 52 percent. OSCE noted an unlevel field.

## Context

The first round was 14 May. Earthquake reconstruction was the campaign weather. YSK certified; he took the oath again. He did not print every ballot.

The 2017 referendum is a different date. [İmamoğlu](/people/ekrem-imamoglu) 2025 is a different file.

The president of Turkey is head of state and, since the 2017 executive-presidency reform, head of government. The Grand [National Assembly](/organizations/national-assembly) writes statutes; the Official Gazette records decrees; courts, governors, and the armed forces implement. He does not write a European Council conclusion, an IMF programme, or a UN General Assembly resolution.

## Evidence and sources

Supreme Election Council of Turkey carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently.

## Significance

The path is [democratic-resilience](/drivers/democratic-resilience): a completed runoff under an unlevel field is a managed ratification with a real opponent, not a 2024-style CEC 87 percent.

## What is established and what is not

Established: a 28 May 2023 certified runoff victory with about 52 percent, independently reported.

Not established: that OSCE’s unlevel-field finding is a unique fraud judgment, or a unique later inflation coefficient from the oath.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

YSK counted. OSCE observed an unlevel field.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies Erdoğan wins the 2023 presidential runoff, not a later speech about Erdoğan wins the 2023 presidential runoff.

Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. Erdoğan wins the 2023 presidential runoff on 2023-05-28 is not a licence to treat every later Supreme Election Council of Turkey communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor decree exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average Erdoğan wins the 2023 presidential runoff into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to He ran and won the certified runoff. YSK counted. OSCE observed an unlevel field. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series. The Grand National Assembly, the Official Gazette, governors, courts, and foreign counterparties share specific files. Allegation is not a completed judgment. A detention is not a conviction.

## People

- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan: https://factrail.ai/people/recep-tayyip-erdogan

## Drivers

- Democratic Resilience: https://factrail.ai/drivers/democratic-resilience

## Sources

- https://www.ysk.gov.tr/doc/karar/dosya/46610370/2023-1269.pdf
- https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/erdogan-wins-turkish-election-extending-rule-into-third-decade-2023-05-28/

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/tr-2023-runoff