# Turkey takes delivery of Russian S-400 systems and is removed from F-35

Date: 2019

## The fact

In July 2019 the first Russian S-400 components arrived in Turkey. The United States then removed Turkey from the F-35 programme. [Erdoğan](/people/recep-tayyip-erdogan) owned the purchase.

## Context

CAATSA sanctions followed in 2020 as a neighbouring US instrument. The presidency insisted on the purchase; the air force received; Washington removed industrial participation. He did not write the US removal letter.

CAATSA designations are a US Fact. Libya 2020 is a different file.

The president of Turkey is head of state and, since the 2017 executive-presidency reform, head of government. The Grand [National Assembly](/organizations/national-assembly) writes statutes; the Official Gazette records decrees; courts, governors, and the armed forces implement. He does not write a European Council conclusion, an IMF programme, or a UN General Assembly resolution.

## Evidence and sources

Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently.

## Significance

The path is energy/security dual-use and alliance: a completed S-400 delivery that costs F-35 industrial participation is a dated alliance-and-capability shock.

## What is established and what is not

Established: July 2019 S-400 deliveries and US removal from F-35, independently reported.

Not established: a unique later air-defence intercept coefficient, or that NATO ceased to include Turkey.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

Russia delivered. The United States removed F-35 participation.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies Turkey takes delivery of Russian S-400 systems and is removed from F-35, not a later speech about Turkey takes delivery of Russian S-400 systems and is removed from F-35.

Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. Turkey takes delivery of Russian S-400 systems and is removed from F-35 on 2019-07-12 is not a licence to treat every later Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor decree exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average Turkey takes delivery of Russian S-400 systems and is removed from F-35 into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to He insisted on and owned the purchase. Russia delivered. The United States removed F-35 participation. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series. The Grand National Assembly, the Official Gazette, governors, courts, and foreign counterparties share specific files. Allegation is not a completed judgment. A detention is not a conviction.

## People

- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan: https://factrail.ai/people/recep-tayyip-erdogan

## Drivers

- Energy Security: https://factrail.ai/drivers/energy-security

## Sources

- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-usa-idUSKCN1U70AB
- https://www.tccb.gov.tr/

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/tr-s400-2019