# Thamugadi (Timgad) is founded as a Trajanic veteran colony in Numidia

Date: 100

## The fact

About 100 CE Thamugadi was founded as a veteran colony in Numidia. The dated colonial grid is a civic-foundation instrument, not the Dacian colony at Sarmizegetusa and not a 1982 UNESCO form. [Trajan](/people/trajan)’s documented role is: He authorised a veteran colony. Legio III Augusta provided settlers; African land was centuriated; he did not survey every insula. Do not convert the UNESCO listing into a lifetime act. Do not twin this with Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear. Trajan's documented role is: He authorised a veteran colony. Legio III Augusta provided settlers; African land was centuriated; he did not survey every insula.

## Context

A Numidian road, III Augusta, and veteran settlement policy already existed. A foundation inscription is not unique bricklaying. Named others on the file: Legio III Augusta veterans, unnamed surveyors, and local African labour share the colony. The public setting is the file around 0100-01-01. Unnamed clerks, soldiers, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. The instrument stays Thamugadi (Timgad) is founded as a Trajanic veteran colony in Numidia. The setting of Thamugadi (Timgad) is founded as a Trajanic veteran colony in Numidia is the public file around 0100-01-01. Shared offices, unnamed crews, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. Driver [social-cohesion](/drivers/social-cohesion) is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Do not convert the UNESCO listing into a lifetime act. Do not twin this with Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa. Mixed effects of Thamugadi (Timgad) is founded as a Trajanic veteran colony in Numidia are separate paths.

## Evidence and sources

UNESCO’s Timgad file and Britannica independently identify a Trajanic colonial foundation; UNESCO is later access. Official: UNESCO World Heritage — Timgad (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/194/; UNESCO). Independent: Britannica — Trajan, colonial foundations (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Trajan; Encyclopaedia Britannica). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: UNESCO World Heritage — Timgad (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/194/; UNESCO). Independent carrier: Britannica — Trajan, colonial foundations (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Trajan; Encyclopaedia Britannica).

Official or archival record: UNESCO World Heritage — Timgad (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/194/; UNESCO).

## Significance

Improving social-cohesion path: a planned civic colony with public buildings. Complex because later archaeology is the public file. Welfare reading improving. The attached mechanism is A planned colonial city planted Roman street-grid civic life on a Numidian military road. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is improving.

The attached driver is social-cohesion. The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

## What is established and what is not

Established: a Trajanic foundation of Thamugadi. Not established: that the UNESCO inscription is his act, or a unique African welfare series. Established: a sourced public record of Thamugadi (Timgad) is founded as a Trajanic veteran colony in Numidia under 0100-01-01. Established: a sourced public record of Thamugadi (Timgad) is founded as a Trajanic veteran colony in Numidia under 0100-01-01.

Shared responsibility is part of Thamugadi (Timgad) is founded as a Trajanic veteran colony in Numidia. Naming Trajan does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 0100-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

## People

- Trajan: https://factrail.ai/people/trajan

## Drivers

- Social Cohesion: https://factrail.ai/drivers/social-cohesion

## Sources

- https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/194/
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Trajan

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/trj-thamugadi-100