# DHS records a peak Obama-era interior-and-border removal cluster

Date: 2013

## The fact

DHS enforcement yearbooks for FY2012–FY2013 printed ICE removals near 400,000, a peak [Obama](/people/barack-obama)-era cluster of interior and border returns. DACA 2012 is a neighbour forbearance for a different class, not a rebate of this yearbook.

## Context

Secure Communities and ICE ERO sat as operators. Neighbouring DACA is a 2012 forbearance child for childhood arrivals. He did not sit as every field office. [Napolitano](/people/janet-napolitano) then [Johnson](/people/mike-johnson) ran DHS.

DACA 2012 is a neighbour forbearance. DAPA 2014 is a later attempt. Fast and Furious is a neighbour DOJ file.

A United States president proposes, signs, vetoes, and directs the executive. Congress enacts statutes. The Federal Reserve, states, courts, and later presidents share later series. Office-holding is not authorship of every later outcome. Allegation is not a completed judgment. Legislative achievements require shared congressional attribution. He does not set the federal funds rate, write a state Medicaid waiver by himself, or convert a 2009 oath into a unique 2016 uninsured coefficient. A signature is not unique authorship of a House and Senate text. A troop order is not authorship of every later round. He is not president as of 27 August 2026. [Donald Trump](/people/mig-donald-trump) is president from 20 January 2025. [Joe Biden](/people/env-person-joe-biden) was president 2021–2025.

## Evidence and sources

U.S. Department of Homeland Security carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently.

## Significance

The path is [migration-policy restrictiveness](/drivers/mig-policy-restrictiveness): a completed peak-removal print under his DHS.

## What is established and what is not

Established: FY2012–13 ICE removal peak near 400,000, independently reported from DHS yearbooks.

Not established: that every removal uniquely sat because of one Oval Office hour, or a unique later crime coefficient from those years.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

He owned DHS political direction. Courts still heard cases.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies DHS records a peak Obama-era interior-and-border removal cluster, not a later speech about DHS records a peak Obama-era interior-and-border removal cluster.

Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. DHS records a peak Obama-era interior-and-border removal cluster on 2013-12-19 is not a licence to treat every later U.S. Department of Homeland Security communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor instrument exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average DHS records a peak Obama-era interior-and-border removal cluster into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to ICE ERO removed. He owned DHS political direction. Courts still heard cases. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series.

## People

- Barack Obama: https://factrail.ai/people/barack-obama

## Drivers

- Migration-policy restrictiveness and border control: https://factrail.ai/drivers/mig-policy-restrictiveness
- Forced-Displacement Scale: https://factrail.ai/drivers/forced-displacement-scale

## Sources

- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-deportation-idUSBRE91A19B20130211
- https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/enforcement-actions

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/us-obama-deportations-2013