# The second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa

Date: 1502

## The fact

In 1502 [Gama](/people/vasco-da-gama)’s second voyage forced tribute at Kilwa on the Swahili coast. The dated extraction is not the 1498 Mozambique clash and not the Calicut bombardment. Vasco da Gama’s documented role is: He forced Kilwa’s ruler into tribute and a padrão of submission. Local elites paid under guns; he commanded the demand. Do not twin this with Mozambique 1498 or with cartaz as a sea-pass system. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear. Vasco da Gama's documented role is: He forced Kilwa’s ruler into tribute and a padrão of submission. Local elites paid under guns; he commanded the demand.

## Context

A gold-exporting island, unnamed Portuguese guns, and a later Portuguese factory already structure the file. Tribute is not unique minting of Kilwa coin. Later colonial archaeology is not 1502. Named others on the file: The ruler of Kilwa, unnamed townspeople, and Portuguese gunners share the demand. The public setting is the file around 1502-07-01. Unnamed clerks, soldiers, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. The instrument stays The second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa. The setting of The second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa is the public file around 1502-07-01. Shared offices, unnamed crews, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. Driver [fiscal-policy-sustainability](/drivers/fiscal-policy-sustainability) is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

## Evidence and sources

Britannica and Livius independently date a 1502 Kilwa tribute under Gama. Official: Britannica — Vasco da Gama, Kilwa 1502 (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vasco-da-Gama; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Livius — Kilwa, Portuguese tribute (https://www.livius.org/articles/place/kilwa/; Livius.org). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Vasco da Gama, Kilwa 1502 (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vasco-da-Gama; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Livius — Kilwa, Portuguese tribute (https://www.livius.org/articles/place/kilwa/; Livius.org).

Official or archival record: Britannica — Vasco da Gama, Kilwa 1502 (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vasco-da-Gama; Encyclopaedia Britannica).

## Significance

Worsening fiscal-sustainability path: coerced tribute from a Swahili city. Complex shared extraction. Welfare reading worsening. The attached mechanism is A dated Swahili tribute-taking put a fiscal extraction heading into the 1502 east-African file, distinct from Calicut bombardment. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is worsening.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

## What is established and what is not

Established: 1502 Kilwa tribute heading. Not established: a unique gold-weight series. Established: a sourced public record of The second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa under 1502-07-01. Established: a sourced public record of The second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa under 1502-07-01.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Do not twin this with Mozambique 1498 or with cartaz as a sea-pass system. Mixed effects of The second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa are separate paths.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

The attached driver is fiscal-policy-sustainability. The welfare reading used in this dossier is worsening. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

Shared responsibility is part of The second voyage extracts tribute at Kilwa. Naming Vasco da Gama does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 1502-07-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

## People

- Vasco da Gama: https://factrail.ai/people/vasco-da-gama

## Drivers

- Fiscal-Policy Sustainability: https://factrail.ai/drivers/fiscal-policy-sustainability

## Sources

- https://www.livius.org/articles/place/kilwa/
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vasco-da-Gama

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/vdg-kilwa-1502