# The second voyage returns to Lisbon in 1503

Date: 1503

## The fact

In 1503 [Gama](/people/vasco-da-gama)’s second fleet returned to Lisbon. The dated second return is not the 9 September 1499 first-voyage return and not the 1524 death. Vasco da Gama’s documented role is: He brought the armed second fleet home with spice and a completed coercion-voyage. The crown received cargo; unnamed crews died; he commanded the return. Do not twin this with the 1499 first-voyage return. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear. Vasco da Gama's documented role is: He brought the armed second fleet home with spice and a completed coercion-voyage. The crown received cargo; unnamed crews died; he commanded the return.

## Context

Pepper cargo, unnamed dead on the voyage, and royal publicity already sit in the file. A return is not unique undoing of the Miri killing. Sharing with the crown’s warehouses is required. Named others on the file: Manuel I, unnamed crews, and Casa da Índia officers share the landing. The public setting is the file around 1503-09-01. Unnamed clerks, soldiers, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. The instrument stays The second voyage returns to Lisbon in 1503. The setting of The second voyage returns to Lisbon in 1503 is the public file around 1503-09-01. Shared offices, unnamed crews, printers, or later editors may appear without becoming this instrument. Driver [industrial-policy-activism](/drivers/industrial-policy-activism) is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

## Evidence and sources

Britannica independently dates a 1503 second-voyage return as distinct from 1499. Official: Britannica — Vasco da Gama, return 1503 (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vasco-da-Gama; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Britannica — Manuel I, second India fleet (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Manuel-I; Encyclopaedia Britannica). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Vasco da Gama, return 1503 (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vasco-da-Gama; Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Britannica — Manuel I, second India fleet (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Manuel-I; Encyclopaedia Britannica).

Official or archival record: Britannica — Vasco da Gama, return 1503 (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vasco-da-Gama; Encyclopaedia Britannica).

## Significance

Improving industrial-policy path: a completed second carreira cycle. Complex shared crown cargo. Welfare reading improving. The attached mechanism is A dated 1503 return closed the second carreira cycle as a completed oceanic instrument, distinct from 1499. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is improving.

If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.

## What is established and what is not

Established: 1503 second-voyage return. Not established: that 1499 is this same landing. Established: a sourced public record of The second voyage returns to Lisbon in 1503 under 1503-09-01. Established: a sourced public record of The second voyage returns to Lisbon in 1503 under 1503-09-01.

Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Do not twin this with the 1499 first-voyage return. Mixed effects of The second voyage returns to Lisbon in 1503 are separate paths.

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.

The attached driver is industrial-policy-activism. The welfare reading used in this dossier is improving. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

Shared responsibility is part of The second voyage returns to Lisbon in 1503. Naming Vasco da Gama does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 1503-09-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.

## People

- Vasco da Gama: https://factrail.ai/people/vasco-da-gama

## Drivers

- Industrial-Policy Activism: https://factrail.ai/drivers/industrial-policy-activism

## Sources

- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Manuel-I
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vasco-da-Gama

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/vdg-second-return-1503