# Juan Guaidó claims an interim presidency; the US and partners recognise him while Maduro retains Miraflores

Date: 2019

## The fact

On 23 January 2019 [National Assembly](/organizations/national-assembly) president Juan Guaidó claimed an interim presidency. The United States and several partners recognised him. Maduro, FANB, CNE, and TSJ rejected the claim and retained Miraflores. He did not write the US recognition note.

## Context

10 January 2019 second-term oath after the 2018 contest sat as parent. Neighbouring 28 January OFAC PDVSA designation is a child. He did not sit as the US Secretary of State.

2018 election is the parent. OFAC 28 January is a child external instrument.

The President of Venezuela heads the national executive, commands FANB as commander-in-chief, appoints the cabinet, and can request enabling laws. He does not write an OFAC designation, an ICC Pre-Trial Chamber decision, or a Colombian migration statute. A CNE announcement is not an opposition acta and is not a Carter Center finding. Those three statuses stay on separate rows. An ICC investigation is not a conviction. An IMF figure is labelled as an estimate where BCV stopped publishing. Sanctions after 2017 and 2019 are an external causal factor; they do not erase the pre-2017 PDVSA-and-policy collapse.

## Evidence and sources

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently.

## Significance

The path is political polarisation and [democratic resilience](/drivers/democratic-resilience): a completed dual-claim week with FANB remaining on Maduro’s file.

## What is established and what is not

Established: 23 January 2019 Guaidó claim, US recognition, and Maduro’s retention of Miraflores, independently reported.

Not established: that he wrote the US note, or a unique later barrel coefficient from that Wednesday.

What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions.

The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit.

Partner governments recognised. He retained the executive, FANB, TSJ, and CNE. OFAC’s later PDVSA designation is a neighbour.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies Juan Guaidó claims an interim presidency; the US and partners recognise him while Maduro retains Miraflores, not a later speech about Juan Guaidó claims an interim presidency; the US and partners recognise him while Maduro retains Miraflores.

Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. Juan Guaidó claims an interim presidency; the US and partners recognise him while Maduro retains Miraflores on 2019-01-23 is not a licence to treat every later Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor instrument exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average Juan Guaidó claims an interim presidency; the US and partners recognise him while Maduro retains Miraflores into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to Guaidó claimed. Partner governments recognised. He retained the executive, FANB, TSJ, and CNE. OFAC’s later PDVSA designation is a neighbour. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series.

## People

- Nicolás Maduro: https://factrail.ai/people/nicolas-maduro

## Drivers

- Political Polarization: https://factrail.ai/drivers/political-polarization
- Democratic Resilience: https://factrail.ai/drivers/democratic-resilience

## Sources

- https://www.mppef.gob.ve/venezuela-rompe-relaciones-diplomaticas-con-gobierno-de-eeuu/
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-idUSKCN1PH0IH

## Methodology

https://factrail.ai/methodology

Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ve-guaido-2019