# The United States designates PDVSA under OFAC, cutting the oil company’s US market Date: 2019 ## The fact On 28 January 2019 the [US Treasury](/organizations/us-treasury) designated Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. under OFAC, restricting US persons from dealing with the state oil company. [Maduro](/people/nicolas-maduro) did not write the OFAC notice. His oil-sector management sat as parent weather beside the 2016 pre-sanctions contraction. Store complex. ## Context Guaidó 23 January sat as parent diplomatic weather. Neighbouring 2016 GDP leak is the pre-oil-sanctions parent collapse. He did not sit as OFAC. 2016 GDP leak is the parent pre-sanctions collapse. Chevron 2022 is a later licence child. The President of Venezuela heads the national executive, commands FANB as commander-in-chief, appoints the cabinet, and can request enabling laws. He does not write an OFAC designation, an ICC Pre-Trial Chamber decision, or a Colombian migration statute. A CNE announcement is not an opposition acta and is not a Carter Center finding. Those three statuses stay on separate rows. An ICC investigation is not a conviction. An IMF figure is labelled as an estimate where BCV stopped publishing. Sanctions after 2017 and 2019 are an external causal factor; they do not erase the pre-2017 PDVSA-and-policy collapse. ## Evidence and sources U.S. Department of the Treasury carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently. ## Significance The path is [sanctions pressure](/drivers/sanctions-pressure) and energy security: a completed external oil-company designation, remaining pre-2017 PDVSA collapse named as parent. ## What is established and what is not Established: 28 January 2019 OFAC PDVSA designation, independently reported. He did not sign the Treasury notice. Not established: that 2016’s contraction was thereby authored in 2019, or a unique later UNHCR coefficient from that Monday. What would change the picture: a contradictory original with a different date or name, a later repeal, a court that vacated the instrument, or a measured series that can be argued, with lag and alternatives, as a consequence of this instrument rather than of later institutions. The date is the date of this instrument, not a licence to back-date every later harm or benefit. He owned PDVSA’s political management. 2017 financial sanctions sat as earlier external weather. Pre-2017 policy collapse remains a parent.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies The United States designates PDVSA under OFAC, cutting the oil company’s US market, not a later speech about The United States designates PDVSA under OFAC, cutting the oil company’s US market. Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. The United States designates PDVSA under OFAC, cutting the oil company’s US market on 2019-01-28 is not a licence to treat every later U.S. Department of the Treasury communique as this same act. If a later repeal, stay, or successor instrument exists, it needs its own date and its own row. This dossier refuses to average The United States designates PDVSA under OFAC, cutting the oil company’s US market into a personality. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to Treasury designated. He owned PDVSA’s political management. 2017 financial sanctions sat as earlier external weather. Pre-2017 policy collapse remains a parent. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series. ## People - Nicolás Maduro: https://factrail.ai/people/nicolas-maduro ## Drivers - Sanctions Pressure: https://factrail.ai/drivers/sanctions-pressure - Energy Security: https://factrail.ai/drivers/energy-security ## Sources - https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politics-usa-idUSKCN1PM0V9 - https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm594 ## Methodology https://factrail.ai/methodology Canonical: https://factrail.ai/facts/ve-pdvsa-ofac-2019